Psy 201 Final Overview

1. Psy 201 Final Overview Chapter 1 - 15

2. Abstraction: Brain’s higher-level cells respond to combined information from feature-detector cells Feature detection: Brain’s detector cells respond to elementary features-bars, edges, or gradients of light Retinal processing: Receptor rods and conesbipolar cells  ganglion cells Recognition: Brain matches the constructed image with stored images Scene Explain and then draw “Visual Information Processing” from scene to brain.

3. Social learning theory Gender schema theory Rewards and punishments + Observation and imitation of models Cultural learning of gender Gender schema (looking at self and world through a gender “lens”) Gender-organized thinking + Gender-typed behavior Gender-typed behavior Two theories of gender-typing Explain and then draw the flow charts for the two theories of gender-typing.

4. Explain and draw Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

5. Physiological activation Appraisal Emotional response Expressive behavior Event Subjective experience Draw the flow chart and name the elements for “The Two Routes to Emotion.”

6. Example Question 1 Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from: A) an antisocial personality disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) a panic disorder. D) a dissociative identity disorder. E) a mood disorder.

7. Example Question 1 Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from: A) an antisocial personality disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) a panic disorder. D) a dissociative identity disorder. E)a mood disorder.

8. Example Question 2 Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the: A) framing effect. B) belief perseverance phenomenon. C) confirmation bias. D) representativeness heuristic. E) availability heuristic.

9. Example Question 2 Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the: A) framing effect. B) belief perseverance phenomenon. C) confirmation bias. D) representativeness heuristic. E) availability heuristic.

10. Example Question 3 Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with: A) loud sounds. B) bright lights. C) bitter tastes. D) high-pitched sounds. E) any of the above.

11. Example Question 3 Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with: A) loud sounds. B) bright lights. C) bitter tastes. D) high-pitched sounds. E) any of the above.

12. Example Question 4 Which of the following is the best description of techniques involving behavior modification? A) Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. B) Clients' illogical ways of thinking are vigorously challenged. C) Patients are influenced by controlling the consequences of their actions. D) What a client says during the course of therapy is repeated or rephrased. E) Attention is focused on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.

13. Example Question 4 Which of the following is the best description of techniques involving behavior modification? A) Patients are helped to identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. B) Clients' illogical ways of thinking are vigorously challenged. C) Patients are influenced by controlling the consequences of their actions. D) What a client says during the course of therapy is repeated or rephrased. E) Attention is focused on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists.

14. Example Question 5 A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage: A) altruism. B) nonconformity. C) ingroup bias. D) groupthink. E) superordinate goals.

15. Example Question 5 A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage: A) altruism. B) nonconformity. C) ingroup bias. D) groupthink. E) superordinate goals.

16. Example Question 6 Differences in learning and memory abilities are greatest among people during: A) late adolescence. B) early adulthood. C) middle adulthood. D) later adulthood.

17. Example Question 6 Differences in learning and memory abilities are greatest among people during: A) late adolescence. B) early adulthood. C) middle adulthood. D) later adulthood.

18. Example Question 7 Prejudice is best defined as: A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. B) a fearful suspicion of people one has never met. C) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. D) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. E) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate.

19. Example Question 7 Prejudice is best defined as: A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. B) a fearful suspicion of people one has never met. C) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. D) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. E) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate.

20. Example Question 8 A synapse is a(n): A) chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions. B) automatic response to sensory input. C) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. D) neural cable containing many axons.

21. Example Question 8 A synapse is a(n): A) chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions. B) automatic response to sensory input. C) junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. D) neural cable containing many axons.

22. Example Question 9 The central nervous system consists of: A) sensory and motor neurons. B) somatic and autonomic subsystems. C) the brain and the spinal cord. D) sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

23. Example Question 9 The central nervous system consists of: A) sensory and motor neurons. B) somatic and autonomic subsystems. C) the brain and the spinal cord. D) sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

24. Example Question 10 Perception is the process by which: A) stimulus energies are detected. B) stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity. C) sensory input is selected, organized, and interpreted. D) nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus.

25. Example Question 10 Perception is the process by which: A) stimulus energies are detected. B) stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity. C) sensory input is selected, organized, and interpreted. D) nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus.

26. Example Question 11 In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n): A) conditioned response. B) unconditioned stimulus. C) unconditioned response. D) conditioned stimulus.

27. Example Question 11 In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n): A) conditioned response. B) unconditioned stimulus. C) unconditioned response. D) conditioned stimulus.

28. Example Question 12 The process of encoding refers to: A) the persistence of learning over time. B) the recall of information previously learned. C) getting information into memory. D) the motivated forgetting of painful memories. E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.

29. Example Question 12 The process of encoding refers to: A) the persistence of learning over time. B) the recall of information previously learned. C) getting information into memory. D) the motivated forgetting of painful memories. E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.

30. Example Question 13 The bell-shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a: A) standardization sample. B) reliability coefficient. C) factor analysis. D) normal curve. E) savant syndrome.

31. Example Question 13 The bell-shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a: A) standardization sample. B) reliability coefficient. C) factor analysis. D) normal curve. E) savant syndrome.

32. Example Question 14 For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce: A) homeostasis. B) a drive. C) an instinct. D) extrinsic motivation. E) metabolic rate.

33. Example Question 14 For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce: A) homeostasis. B) a drive. C) an instinct. D) extrinsic motivation. E) metabolic rate.

34. Example Question 15 In one survey, Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to heaven than would either Michael Jordan or Bill Clinton. This best illustrates: A) an internal locus of control. B) the Barnum effect. C) an Electra complex. D) sublimation. E) self-serving bias.

35. Example Question 15 In one survey, Americans were more optimistic that they themselves would go to heaven than would either Michael Jordan or Bill Clinton. This best illustrates: A) an internal locus of control. B) the Barnum effect. C) an Electra complex. D) sublimation. E) self-serving bias.

36. Example Question 16 When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in: A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) social loafing. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the bystander effect.

37. Example Question 16 When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in: A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) social loafing. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the bystander effect.