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Introduction to Atoms

Introduction to Atoms. Exploring Inner Space. Atom The smallest particle of an element… makes up all matter. amu= atomic mass unit. The most stable form of an atom is electrically neutral… this means that the number of protons & electrons is equal.

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Introduction to Atoms

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  1. Introduction to Atoms Exploring Inner Space

  2. AtomThe smallest particle of an element… makes up all matter.

  3. amu= atomic mass unit

  4. The most stable form of an atom is electrically neutral… this means that the number of protons & electrons is equal.

  5. Example=> Oxygen has 8 protons & 8 electrons

  6. Nucleus: The center of the atom (contains protons and neutrons).

  7. Electron cloud: electrons orbit the nucleus. (contains ONLY electrons).

  8. The electrons fill energy levels within the electron cloud.

  9. The number of energy levels can be determined by the period number on the periodic table.

  10. As a general rule, there are 2 electrons in the first energy level, up to 8 electrons in the second and 8 or more in each level after that.

  11. Elements are atoms with the same number of protons that share the same physical and chemical properties… the # of protons determines the element. For example, hydrogen has only 1 proton in its nucleus, Lithium has 3 protons, and Oxygen has 8.

  12. Atomic number = the number of protons in an atom How many protons does carbon have? 6

  13. Almost all of the mass of an atom is in the nucleus.

  14. Atomic mass = # of protons + # of neutrons

  15. Carbon’s atomic mass is 12. Carbon has how many neutrons? 6 (atomic mass - # of protons = # of neutrons)

  16. Every element is represented by a symbol… if it has one letter, that letter is capitalized (C=carbon). If it has two letters, the first is capitalized and the second is lower case. (Na = sodium)

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