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Exploring Earth's Rock Types and History with Time Scales

Uncover the three major rock types - igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary - and their formation differences. Dive into Earth's history, from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic era, with scale comparisons spanning millions of years. Learn about major events, like the Great Extinction and appearance of modern humans, in a visual and chronological context.

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Exploring Earth's Rock Types and History with Time Scales

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  1. Day 26 What are the three major types of rock? igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary What's the main difference between the three rock types? The main difference is in how they form Daily Warm-Up Exercises 1

  2. Compare Time Scales Contrasting Case Activity 4 Earth History, Investigation 6 Compare Time Scales

  3. Age of Earth Earth’s history is measured in millions of years. How much is a million? 1,000 times 1,000 1,000 thousand Earth was formed about 4,500 million years ago. How much is 4,500 million? 4,500 times 1,000 times 1,000 4,500 thousand thousand 4,500,000 thousand Compare Time Scales

  4. Human Life 200 200 thousand = 4,500,000 4,500,000 thousand 2 1 year = = 45,000 22,500 years Humans first appeared about 200,000 years ago. How much is 200,000? 200 times 1,000 200 thousand How does our age compare with Earth’s? Compare Time Scales 4

  5. Numeric Scale 1 - Table Compare Time Scales

  6. Complete Column 1 Paleozoic Era 4,500 mya 570 mya 3930 million years 570 mya 245 mya 325 million years 200,000 years ago Compare Time Scales 6

  7. Quaternary – Modern humans appear 200,000 years ago Tertiary – Dinosaurs become extinct Cretaceous – Rocky Mountains are formed Jurassic – Flowering plants appear Triassic – First dinosaurs Permian – Great Extinction Pennsylvanian – First reptiles Mississippian – First amphibians Devonian – First insects Silurian – First land animals Ordovician – First land plants Cambrian – First trilobites Precambrian Time Cenozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic 4,500 million years ago (mya) 570 mya 505 mya 438 mya 408 mya 360 mya 320 mya 286 mya 245 mya 208 mya 144 mya 66 mya 1.6 mya Today Earth is formed; water appears on Earth’s surface; earliest, bacteria-like life appears Numeric Scale 2 - Timeline Compare Time Scales

  8. Complete Column 2 Paleozoic Era Paleozoic Era 4,500 mya 4,500 mya 570 mya 570 mya 3930 million years 3930 million years 570 mya 570 mya 245 mya 245 mya 325 million years 325 million years 200,000 years ago 200,000 years ago Compare Time Scales 8

  9. modern humans appear (99.99 yds) dinosaurs become extinct (98.5 yds) Rocky Mountains form (97 yds) flowering plants appear (96.5 yds) first dinosaurs (94.5 yds) Great Extinction (94 yds) first reptiles (93 yds) first amphibians (92 yds) first trilobites (88 yds) first land plants (90 yds) first land animals (90.5 yds) first insects (91 yds) Paleozoic Era (87 to 95) START ZONE END ZONE Precambrian Time (0 to 87 yds) water appears on Earth’s surface (11 yds) Mesozoic Era (95 to 98.5 yds) Cenozoic Era (98.5 to 100 yds) earliest, bacteria-like life appears (22 yds) Earth is formed (0 yards) Today (100 yards) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Proportional Scale 1 - Football Field Compare Time Scales

  10. Complete Column 1 precambrian time 0 yards 87 yards 87 of 100 yards 87 yards 95 yards 8 of 100 yards 99.99 yards Compare Time Scales 10

  11. Proportional Scale 2 - Clock dinosaurs become extinct (11:39 pm) Today (midnight) Earth is formed (midnight) Rocky Mountains are formed (11:14 pm) START END flowering plants appear (11:12 pm) first dinosaurs (10:42 pm) modern humans appear (seconds before midnight) Great Extinction (10:33 pm) 12 12 first reptiles (10:24 pm) 11 1 11 1 Ceno- zoic Era first amphibians (10:04 pm) Mesozoic Era first insects (9:52 pm) first land animals (9:46 pm) (10:42 - 11:39 pm) 10 10 2 2 first land plants (9:39 pm) water appears on Earth’s surface (2:40 am) Paleozoic Era (9:00 - 10:42 pm) first trilobites (9:05 pm) 9 am 3 am 9 pm 3 pm Precambrian Time (12:00 am - 9:00 pm) Precambrian Time (12:00 am - 9:00 pm) 4 4 8 8 earliest, bacteria-like life appears (5:20 am) 5 5 7 7 6 am 6 pm Morning Afternoon Compare Time Scales

  12. Complete Column 2 precambrian time precambrian time 0 yards midnight 9:00 pm 87 yards 21 of 24 hours 87 of 100 yards 87 yards 9:00 pm 95 yards 10:42 pm 8 of 100 yards less than 2 hours 99.99 yards after 11:59 pm Compare Time Scales 12

  13. Compare Categories What can you learn about Earth’s history from the numeric scales but not from the proportional scales? That Earth was formed 4,500 million years ago. That it took thousands of millions of years for plants and animals to appear. Compare Time Scales

  14. Compare Categories What can you learn from the proportional scales but not from the numeric scales? It’s obvious that precambrian time is longer than all three eras put together You can easily see how young the human race is compared to Earth. You can see how far along in Earth’s history different things happened. Compare Time Scales 14

  15. Compare Categories Could you include numeric information in the clock or football field? Add the date to each event or time division. Could you include proportional information in the table or timeline? Make the size of each box show how long that section lasted. Compare Time Scales

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