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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Science of Chemistry. Chemistry. What is Chemistry? -The study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the reactions by which matter may be formed or converted into other forms.   Classification of Matter

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The Science of Chemistry

  2. Chemistry • What is Chemistry? • -The study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the reactions by which matter may be formed or converted into other forms.   • Classification of Matter • Matter - an object that has mass and takes up space (volume)

  3. Mixtures • 1. Mixture- Two or more kinds of matter that can be separated by physical means.   •         Techniques for physical separations- filtration, straining/sifting, magnetism, & distillation •     a. heterogeneous mixture - non-uniform distribution of matter •     b. homogeneous mixture - uniform distribution   •         solution- another name for a homogeneous mixture  

  4. Pure Substance- matter that cannot be separated by physical processes   •     a. Element- cannot be broken down into simpler forms of matter   • b. Compound- pure substances that can be broken down into simpler forms only by chemical processes.  

  5. Chemical reactions • Chemical Changes- A change in matter that produces new substances with new properties (chemical reaction)   •     a. reactants- substances that undergo changes •     b. products- new substances that are formed • precipitate- a solid produced from solution during a reaction  

  6. Ten signs of chemical change • 1. Bubbles of gas appear •       2. A precipitate forms •       3. A change in color •       4.Temperature changes •       5.Light is emitted •       6.A change in volume •       7.A change in electrical conductivity •       8.A change in melting or boiling point •       9.A change in smell or taste (not to be performed in lab) •       10.A change in chemical or physical properties

  7. States of matter • Solid- uniform shape, volume and low internal heat • Liquid- variable shape, uniform volume and medium internal heat • Gas- variable shape, volume and high internal heat

  8. Density • Density is amount of mass per unit of volume… units are based on what you are given • Standard is g/mL • D=M/V • M= DxV • V=M/D

  9. Converting • Factor-Label !!! • 1.    Read the problem carefully; determine what is being solved for.  • 2.    Tabulate the data given.  Label measurements with units; use correct factors (powers of ten).  • 3.    Determine which unit relationships are necessary.  • 4.    Set up the problem in a logical fashion; make sure unwanted units cancel.  Use the conversion equation for converting from one unit to another. 

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