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Emotion

Emotion. Introduction. What is Emotion? What is the purpose of emotion? Would you like to never feel sad again? Why or why not? Will the ultimate lie detector test be a blessing or a curse?. Introduction. Emotion Physiological arousal Expressive behavior Conscious experience

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Emotion

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  1. Emotion

  2. Introduction • What is Emotion? • What is the purpose of emotion? • Would you like to never feel sad again? Why or why not? • Will the ultimate lie detector test be a blessing or a curse?

  3. Introduction • Emotion • Physiological arousal • Expressive behavior • Conscious experience • Common sense theory

  4. Theories of Emotions

  5. Theories of Emotion • James-Lange Theory of Emotion. • We feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress. • The body changes and our mind recognizes the feeling.

  6. Theories of Emotions • James-Lange theory

  7. Theories of Emotions • James-Lange theory

  8. Theories of Emotions • James-Lange theory

  9. Theories of Emotion Cannon-Bard Theory • Say James-Lange theory is full of crap. • How can that be true if similar physiological changes correspond with drastically different emotional states. • The physiological change and cognitive awareness must occur simultaneously. • They believed it was the thalamus that helped this happen.

  10. Theories of Emotions • Cannon-Bard theory

  11. Theories of Emotions • Cannon-Bard theory

  12. Theories of Emotions Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory • Factor 1 = physical arousal • Factor 2 = cognitive label for the arousal • Emotional Experience Requires: • Conscious interpretation of the arousal

  13. Theories of Emotions • Two-factor theory • Schachter-Singer

  14. Theories of Emotions • Two-factor theory - Schachter-Singer

  15. Theories of Emotions • Two-factor theory - Schachter-Singer

  16. Theories of Emotions • Applying the Theories • How would each of the theories explain the emotion of fear in response to seeing a spider? • Demo

  17. Embodied Emotion

  18. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System • Autonomic nervous system • Fight or Flight (Physiological Response) • Sympathetic nervous system • arousing • Parasympathetic nervous system • Calming

  19. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

  20. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

  21. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System

  22. Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System • Opponent-Process Theory • How would it explain people’s motivation to sky-dive?

  23. Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions • Which emotions have similar physiological bases? • Different movie experiment How can your experience on a roller coaster demonstrate the similarities between emotions?

  24. Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions • Differences in brain activity • Amygdala (Fear vs. Anger) • S.M. – No Fear & Can’t See it • Frontal lobes • Negative = more activity in right • Positive = more activity in left (dopamine receptors) • WWII Research (Spinal Cord Injuries) • Paralyzed only in legs = no loss of emotion • Paralyzed neck down = loss of intensity

  25. Cognition and EmotionCognition Can Define Emotion • Spill over effect • Schachter-Singer experiment • Examples? • Basic Idea = Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it

  26. Cognition and EmotionCognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion • Influence of the amygdala • Low vs. High Road • Fearful vs. Happy Eyes • Subliminal Effects • 4 letter word, face with drinks • Voting like vs. similar views • E Demo

  27. Cognition and EmotionCognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion

  28. Expressed Emotion

  29. Detecting Emotions – Nonverbal Cues

  30. Detecting Emotion • Nonverbal Cues – How did you use them in the previous activity? • How else do we detect people’s emotions? • Real vs. Fake Smiles – Can you tell the difference?

  31. Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior • Acceptable Behavior or not? • In one minute, write a description of how you feel today. • Women’s Reactions to Films • Which side (R/L) appears more masculine? More feminine?

  32. Culture and Emotional Expression Can you correctly identify the emotions on these faces? Does the knowledge that emotional expression is universal change your attitude about people from other cultures and the opposite gender? Why or why not? Why is it important to study how and why emotions are expressed?

  33. The Effects of Facial Expressions • Emotional Contagion • Unconscious motor mimicry – we imitate others • Examples? • Facial feedback – Facial exps. intensify emotions • Smiling = less racial bias? / Botox = no Depression? • Behavior feedback – how we act has similar effect • Walking example

  34. Microexpressions

  35. Paul Ekman & Lie Detection

  36. Paul Ekman & Lie Detection

  37. Experienced Emotion

  38. Basic Emotions • Create a list of “basic” emotions • List as many as you can, then try to narrow them down into categories. • Now check your list with someone else’s list near you. • Are they similar? Do they have any different categories? • Do your basic emotions match Carroll Izard’s? • Joy, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, guilt • Now attempt to put your basic list into the chart

  39. Fear How did you learn these fears? Do some of these fears serve a purpose? • Top Fears for Men: • Speaking in front of a Group • Being Physically Assaulted • Failing a Test • Not being a Success • Death • Surgical Operation • Suffocation • Looking Foolish • Making Mistakes • Feeling Disapproved of • What do you fear? List as many as possible. • Top Fear for Women: • Speaking in front of a Group • Being Physically Assaulted • Failing a Test • Not being a Success • Death • Snakes • Surgical Operation • Suffocation • Looking Foolish • Large Open Spaces • Rejection

  40. Fear • Role of amygdala • Helps us learn fears Can you be literally scared to death?

  41. Anger Answer the questions after viewing the clip.

  42. Anger • Evoked by events – How? • What makes you angry? Why? • Use facial and behavioral feedback to argue against catharsis.

  43. Happiness

  44. Happiness

  45. Happiness

  46. Happiness

  47. Happiness Feel-good, Do good phenomenon Do you see this in your own life? How could it work the opposite way? • Top Ten List • Categorize them in to “material” and “non-material” • Which do you have more of? • 3 Wishes • Material or non-material? • Were your wishes changes to your life situation or to you yourself? • Happiest People You Know • What were their responses? • Did they offer insight into how you could be happier? • Share with someone around you

  48. HappinessThe Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs • We overestimate the duration of our emotions and underestimate our capacity to adapt.

  49. HappinessWealth and Well-Being

  50. Income Level #1 ABOVE what income would you consider a family WELL OFF? Happiness • After hearing each situation, rate how happy you think you would feel in one year on a scale of 1-10. • Situation #1 = Ratings? • Situation #2 = Ratings? • Research suggests that, after a year, people experiencing these 2 events would report little difference in life satisfaction. Income Level #2 BELOWwhat income would you consider a family POOR? Income Level #3 Roughly estimate YOUR family’s income for the past year. How could this phenomenon help to explain the information on this chart?

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