1 / 19

Unit 8 Specific injuries

Head & Neck. Unit 8 Specific injuries. Anatomy of the head & neck - bones. Cranium – protects brain. Frontal Parietal (2) Occipital Temporal (2). Facial Mandible Maxille (2) Zygomatic (2) Nasal. Anatomy of the head & neck - bones. Anatomy of the head & neck - bones.

grover
Download Presentation

Unit 8 Specific injuries

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Head & Neck Unit 8 Specific injuries

  2. Anatomy of the head & neck - bones • Cranium – protects brain. • Frontal • Parietal (2) • Occipital • Temporal (2) • Facial • Mandible • Maxille (2) • Zygomatic (2) • Nasal

  3. Anatomy of the head & neck - bones

  4. Anatomy of the head & neck - bones • Cervical Vertebrae

  5. Anatomy of the head & neck - Muscles

  6. Anatomy of the head & neck – Soft Tissues • Brain • Cerebrum – higher thought processes • Cerebellum – balance and coordinated movement • Brainstem – vital body functions

  7. Meninges- layers of tissue that surround brain and spinal cord. Has areas of space between each layer • DURA MATER- outer layer made up of arteries and veins • SUBDRUAL SPACE • ARACHNOID LAYER- spider web of veins • SUBARACHNOID SPACE- contains CSF • PIA MATER- inner layer lines brain and spinal cord • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - protects, cushions and nourishes the central nervous system. Anatomy of the head & neck – soft tissues

  8. Anatomy of the head & neck – soft tissues

  9. Anatomy of the head & neck – soft tissues • Intervertebral Disks • Cartilagenous discs that lie between the vertebrae. • Act as shock absorbers of the spine.

  10. Anatomy of the head & neck - Nerves • Cranial nerves • 12 pair that branch off of the brain • Spinal Nerves; nerve root pairs that branch off the spinal cord. • Brachial Plexus (C5-T1) – bundle of spinal nerves that innervate the shoulder and arm muscles

  11. Common Injuries – Head/Neck • Concussions • Characterized by immediate and transient post-traumatic impairment of neural function • Mechanism of Injury • Result of direct blow to the head from either a fixed or moving object. • Signs of Injury • Headache • Loss of consciousness • Tinnitus • Nausea • Irritability • Confusion • Disorientation • Dizziness • Amnesia • Concentration difficulty • Photophobia • Sleep disturbances • Vision disturbances • Balance disturbances

  12. Concussions • Assessment: • Neuropsychological Testing • If possible, preseason testing on a computerized system (ImPACT). • If a concussion occurs, retest injured athlete following recommended protocols. • Thorough evaluation of athlete: (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT 2 – see additional resources) is a tool that can be used to evaluate a concussed athlete. • Physical Examination – evaluation of athletes physical symptoms as listed previously. Common Injuries – Head/Neck

  13. Concussions • Assessment • Cognitive testing • Immediate memory testing • What month is it? • What time is it?, etc. • Concentration • Months of year backward • 100-7, continue backward • Delayed Recall – have athlete remember words, repeat at later time Common Injuries – Head/Neck

  14. Concussions • Assessment • Balance/Coordination testing • Balance Error Scoring System (BESS – see additional resources) • Romberg Test • Finger to Nose Common Injuries – Head/Neck

  15. Common Injuries – Head/Neck • Treatment: • Careful removal from play • Thorough physical and neurological examination • Refer to physician for follow-up examination

  16. Common Injuries – Head/Neck • Return to Play Guidelines: • Depends on the level of play of the athlete involved. Currently, the NCAA, UHSAA, and a new Utah State law regarding youth sports (HB 204) will dictate a specific plan for concussion management and return to play guidelines. It will include some variation of the following : • Progression through Return-To-Play stages on a case by case basis with final clearance by an approved, licensed health care professional:

  17. Common Injuries – Head/Neck

  18. Common Injuries – Head/Neck • Postconcussion Syndrome • Persistent symptoms following concussion - May begin immediately following injury and may last for weeks to months • Persistent headache • Impaired memory • Lack of concentration • Anxiety • Irritability • Fatigue • Depression • Continued visual disturbances • Treatment – No clear guidelines • Treat symptoms to greatest extent possible • Return athlete to play when all signs and symptoms have fully resolved

  19. Common Injuries – Head/Neck • Second Impact Syndrome • Rapid swelling of the brain from additional head trauma; life threatening • Second impact could be minor • Could be caused by blow to chest that accelerates head. • Signs and Symptoms • No initial loss of consciousness • Rapid worsening leading to: • LOC progressing to coma • Dilated pupils • Loss of eye movement • Respiratory failure • Treatment: Immediate transport to medical facility • Prevention • DO NOT LET THIS SITUATION OCCUR! • Careful decision making regarding return to play following initial head trauma

More Related