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CONSERVATON BIOLOGY Lecture11 – Spring 2014 Althoff - reference Chapters 15-17

CONSERVATON BIOLOGY Lecture11 – Spring 2014 Althoff - reference Chapters 15-17. Human Factors Part II. Values Change.

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CONSERVATON BIOLOGY Lecture11 – Spring 2014 Althoff - reference Chapters 15-17

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  1. CONSERVATON BIOLOGYLecture11 – Spring 2014 Althoff - reference Chapters 15-17 Human Factors Part II

  2. Values Change • Cultures and societies have shifts and/or changes in their values: ex. Wolves: 50 years ago vs. today (Little Red Riding Hood !) (Reintroduction of Wolves –YNP) ex. Whales: 150+ years ago vs. today (Moby Dick !) Early on, _____________ Today… many consider ________

  3. Attitudes Towards Biodiversity(using Kellert’s terminology) FAVORABLE LESS FAVORABLE • Naturalistic • Ecologistic • Aesthetic • Moralistic • Negativistic • Dominionistic • Utilitarian

  4. Senegalese ecologist Baba Dioum: “For in the end, we will conserve only what we love. We will love only what we understand, and we will understand only what we are taught” ~1968

  5. Environmental Education…. • Can shift people’s attitudes toward nature (and therefore shift their values, too) • Can give people information about the value of biodiversity. relatively recent example: ________________ …linking value to medicinal plants, value to global climatic processes • Education only doesn’t get it done, though

  6. Experience shapes perspectives… • If we can get people ______________, so they can interact with the biota, then many often see nature differently and/or are less apathetic towards the need to conserve biodiversity • If we cannot get them outdoors, then the increasing number of nature-oriented TV and Internet offerings are like to provide “experience” for them to build on. • Whether education or experience, the goal is probably more one of “________________” than “changing” values people have towards biodiversity

  7. Too close to appreciate the value? • Remember that more “votes” are in the urbanized areas. Away from where the most biodiversity or the rarest of species might be. • People who “live” in the areas considered valuable for conserving biodiversity often do not realize that a particular local species is ________________ until an outsider tells it is. • When the “local” is informed/educated, s/he may well take _____ in that…and take conservation action. Or, they might not totally buy into it but will take advantage of it via catering to those who do come to their locality to see a species or ecosystem, which is almost a _________ situation

  8. Some win-win examples • Sandhill cranes in central Nebraska • ? Ivory-billed woodpecker in Arkansas, Louisiana/Etc. (assuming it “was” found again)

  9. The biggest change needed…. • A shift majority of values from a position of _________________ to one of _____________ • Biocentrism also sometimes referred to as ecocentric • Biocentrism view recognizes that all species have _______________ and rejects the idea that humans are more important than other species. • Biocentrism forms the philosophical foundation for what Naess (1989…although first spoke of as early as 1973) called the __________________ _______________

  10. Deep ecology • Norwegian philosopher and mountaineer • Naess was influenced by Rachel Carson’s work Silent Spring • Is considered "deep" because it persists in asking deeper questions concerning "why" and "how" and thus is concerned with the fundamental ___________________ questions about the impacts of human life on the biosphere. It aims to avoid a merely utilitarian view

  11. Biophilia • E.O. Wilson coined the term in 1993 • = ______________ • Implies that there is an innately ____________ affiliation of human beings to other living organisms…such it is the coevolution of our being with the natural world. • Consider: our very survival has depended on an intimate knowledge of and connection to wildlife • Ex: patients heal quicker when they see _________ vs. an ____________ environment

  12. Levels of concern Ecosystems - biosphere All other species Other sentient animals People of other nations, races, etc. own nation, race, religious group social group kin Presented in nested fashion by Noss (1992)—see text p 342 self

  13. Levels of concern • Most humans are most focused on our ____________ well-being—a very narrow level • Most humans have some concern for the ____________ of other humans • Many people care about sentient animals (i.e., those species they perceive to have ________--like mammals and birds) • A goal of conservation biology is to raise the level of concern all the way to ____________ …easier done when someone has a full stomach, remember, because then the date tree will look more beautiful

  14. The role of Conservation Biologists organize… Motivate… CONSERVATION BIOLOGISTS Other scientists Are politically active and affect…. Manage… General public; especially children Conservation projects Public policy After Primark (2008) Use results to educate… Translate results into…

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