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Various information from different detection methods

Various information from different detection methods. André. Outline. Introduction Indirect detection techniques Radial Velocity Astrometry Transit Microlensing Direct detection techniques Reflected starlight Imaging. FLO. Introduction. so far 215 planets are detected (23.03.2007)

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Various information from different detection methods

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  1. Various information from different detection methods MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  2. André Outline • Introduction • Indirect detection techniques • Radial Velocity • Astrometry • Transit • Microlensing • Direct detection techniques • Reflected starlight • Imaging FLO MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  3. Introduction • so far 215 planets are detected (23.03.2007) • 21 multiple systems • first announcements: Peter van de Kamp (18.04.1963) • Astrometric study of Barnard‘s star from plates taken • with the 24-inch Sproul refractor(AJ, vol. 68, 515) • BUT: 1952 by Otto Struve: • Proposal for a project of high-precision stellar radial • velocity work (The Observatory, No. 870) • first detections: • 1995 by Mayor & Queloz: 0.5 MJupiter • P = 4.2 days around 51 Peg MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  4. Orbital parameters Period P Semi-mayor axis a Eccentricity e Inclination i Argument of perihelion ω Longitude of the acsending node Ω True anomaly T Time of periapsisτ MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  5. Indirect techniques - radial velocity measurements • 203 planets 175 Planetary systems, 20 systems with > 1 planet 94,4% • Doppler Wobble • Hot Jupiters mostly MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  6. RV time series of the young G0V star ιHor Kürster et al. 2000, A&A 353, L33 Requirements • High measurement precision ~ 1m - 20 cm/s • Stability over ~ 10 years • Derived orbital parameters • P, e, a, T, ω Msini MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  7. - Astrometry • So far 8 planets: • Gl 876: 2 planets • 55 Cnc: 4 planets • ε Eri • Wobble around center of mass due to planet • Law of the lever: Θs = mp/ms. ap/d • Limits: 1-2 mas (ground based) 0.1 mas (HST FGS) • need for interferometrie for high precision PRIMA • Constraints: nearby stars, not too close to the star • can derive inclination and mass of planetary companion MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  8. 2008 2007 What do I observe? • I see the overlay of three different motions: • Proper motion MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  9. 2008 2008 2007 What do I observe? • I see the overlay of three different motions: • Proper motion • Parallax MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  10. 2008 2007 20 What do I observe? • I see the overlay of three different motions: • Proper motion • Parallax • Planetary signal • need to measure all 3 motions accuratly • Derived parameters: α, i, Ω, μ, π, T true mass of companion MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  11. Jupiter as an example For a star at 10 pc distance: MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  12. And what about AO effects? • maybe there remains a residual defocus or other distortions • one need a reference pattern of background-stars to determine the • platescale and changes due to instrumental effects MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  13. And what about AO effects? • maybe there remains a residual defocus or other distortions • one need a reference pattern of background-stars to determine the • platescale and changes due to instrumental effects • but the background-stars can have their own pm and parallax MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  14. Transits Venustransit June 2004 MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  15. Transits • Photometric detection • Depth of lightcurve yields planet-radius (~ 1% for Jupiter) Tres-1 HD209458 MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  16. Transit • Parameters derived: P, T0, i ~ 90°, Rp/RS • Together with the mass of the planet from RV measurements one can derive the density of the planet MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  17. Microlensing • Principle: MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  18. D. Bennett Microlensing • Principle: • Magnification due to Star and planet acting as lenses MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  19. Microlensing • Principle: • Magnification due to Star and planet acting as lenses • First planet: Bond et al. (04.2004) MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  20. BUT: • No way of confirmation • Single event • Short timescale: hours - days • Results: 4 detections as of today MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

  21. MPIA-Student-Workshop, Italy

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