Ecology Review - AP Biology Exam 2019

1. Chapter 52, 53 & 54 Ecology Review AP Biology 2019

2. AP Biology Exam Monday Good luck, get good sleep on Sunday. Plan to arrive at the small gym at 7:30 am. The morning session runs from 7:45 am to 12 noon. Bring pencils, pens, calculators and layered clothing. You will do very well.

3. Complete the AP Student Survey by 5/24/19 Sent to your school gmail account. You need to fill out one survey for each AP Class. Completion of the survey is graded like an exam worth 2 points (≈0.2 grade points).

4. Name the process by which organisms that are better suited to the environment tend to survive and have more offspring.

5. Name the process by which organisms that are better suited to the environment tend to survive and have more offspring. Natural Selection

6. What is the cause of wind?

7. What is the cause of wind? Differential heating of the Earth by the sun. wind

8. Why are lower latitudes warmer than higher latitudes? 90° 0° 90°

9. Why are lower latitudes warmer than higher latitudes? Because the Earth is curved, latitudes near the equator get direct solar rays, while latitudes near the poles the sun’s rays come in at an angle less than 90° and the light gets spread out over a larger area.

10. Which side of a mountain gets more precipitation than the other?

11. Which side of a mountain gets more precipitation than the other? As moist air rises on the windward side of a mountain, it cools and expands. The rising air cannot hold as much moisture and it rains. As the cloud desends on the leeward side of the mountain, the air condenses and absorbs moisture from the land.

12. Which latitudes have rising air and which latitudes have sinking air?

13. Which latitudes have rising air and which latitudes have sinking air? In general, air rises at the equator, sinks at 30°, rises at 60°, and sinks at 90°.

14. Which latitude has rainforests and which latitude has deserts?

15. Which latitude has rainforests and which latitude has deserts? 0° has rainforests and 30°has deserts.

16. Arrange the following 5 biomes in order of latitude from the lowest to the highest. Tundra, tropical rainforest, deciduous forest, taiga (boreal forest)

17. Arrange the following 5 biomes in order of latitude from the lowest to the highest. (Deciduous forest)

18. Identify the zones of the ocean. Hydrothermal vent

19. Identify the zones of the ocean. (photic) (aphotic) (benthos) Hydrothermal vent

20. Which ocean zone would have the most life and the most NPP? Which zone would have the most decomposers? (photic) (aphotic) (benthos) Hydrothermal vent

21. Which ocean zone would have the most life and the most NPP? Photic Zone Which zone would have the most decomposers? Benthos (photic) (aphotic) (benthos) Hydrothermal vent

22. Name the 3 zones of a lake. ______ ______ ______

23. Name the 3 zones of a lake. Limnetic Benthic

24. Describe the climates of the following biomes: desert, tundra, & tropical rainforest.

25. Describe the climates of the following biomes: desert-dry & hot or cold, tundra-cold and dry, & tropical rainforest-warm and wet.

26. Which of these biomes: desert, tundra, & tropical rainforest would have the greatest NPP?

27. Which of these biomes: desert, tundra, & tropical rainforest would have the greatest NPP? Tropical Rainforest

28. Explain the Principle of Competitive Exclusion.

29. Explain the Principle of Competitive Exclusion. Two species cannot occupy the same niche.

30. Look at the diagram below and determine how the red and yellow birds partitioned the resource.

31. Look at the diagram below and determine how the red and yellow birds partitioned the resource. The yellow birds occupy the canopy and the red birds occupy the trunk.

32. Identify the type of symbiosis shown below. A wasp laid its eggs on the caterpillar. The wasp larvae will eat the caterpillar.

33. Identify the type of symbiosis shown below. Parasitism A wasp laid its eggs on the caterpillar. The wasp larvae will eat the caterpillar.

34. Identify the type of symbiosis shown below. A cactus wren nests in a cactus for protection. The cactus receives no benefit or harm from the bird.

35. Identify the type of symbiosis shown below. Commensalism A cactus wren nests in a cactus for protection. The cactus receives no benefit or harm from the bird.

36. Identify the type of symbiosis shown below. A hummingbird gets nectar from a flower and the flower is pollinated by the hummingbird.

37. Identify the type of symbiosis shown below. Mutualism A hummingbird gets nectar from a flower and the flower is pollinated by the hummingbird.

38. What is an ecological niche?

39. What is an ecological niche? The role an organism plays in the environment – how it gets its food, where it lives, the resources it uses.

40. What is the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche?

41. What is the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche? A fundamental niche is anywhere an organism can live, the realized niche is the actual location where the organism lives.

42. In general, what percent of the energy contained in one trophic level makes it to the next higher trophic level?

43. In general, what percent of the energy contained in one trophic level makes it to the next higher trophic level? 10%

44. If only 10% of the energy in one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level, where does the remaining energy go?

45. If only 10% of the energy in one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level, where does the remaining energy go? Lost from the system as heat.

46. Assuming 10% energy transfer between trophic levels, how much energy could the tertiary consumer assimilate if the producer has 8,000 joules of energy?

47. Assuming 10% energy transfer between trophic levels, how much energy could the tertiary consumer assimilate if the producer has 8,000 joules of energy? Primary Consumer 10% Tertiary Consumer grass 10% 10% Secondary Consumer

48. Identify 2 ways of measuring biodiversity.

49. Identify 2 ways of measuring biodiversity. Species Richness & Species Evenness

50. Which ecosystem is most species rich and which ecosystem has the greatest species evenness? Community 1 Community 2