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Understanding Numerals and Fractions: Key Rules and Operations

Learn about numerals, Roman vs. Arabic, fractions types, operations, and cancellation rules for easier calculations in everyday math. Improve your math skills with clear explanations and examples.

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Understanding Numerals and Fractions: Key Rules and Operations

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  1. UNIT 1 Numerals and Fractions

  2. Key Terms Denominator Numerator Lowest common denominator (LCD) Lowest terms Mixed number

  3. Arabic vs. Roman Arabic numerals Figures 0–9 Used in everyday calculations Roman numerals Use letters to represent numbers Sometimes used on medication orders (continues)

  4. Arabic vs. Roman

  5. Roman Numeral Rules When two or more numerals of same value are together, add values (CCC = 100 + 100 + 100 = 300) When a larger numeral precedes a smaller numeral, add the values (XV = 10 + 5 = 15) (continues)

  6. Roman Numeral Rules When a smaller numeral precedes a larger numeral, subtract the values (XC = 100 – 10 = 90) When a numeral is between two numerals of larger value, subtract the lesser value from the following numeral (CIX = 100 + 10 – 1 = 109)

  7. Types of Fractions Simple fractions One numerator and one denominator Compound fractions Requires mathematical process in either numerator or denominator (continues)

  8. Types of Fractions Complex fractions Have simple fractions in either numerator, denominator, or both Proper fractions Numerator is smaller than denominator (continues)

  9. Types of Fractions Improper fractions Numerator is larger than denominator Mixed number Whole number and a fraction Equivalent fractions Two or more fractions that have the same value

  10. Relative Values Determine which fraction is largest Make each fraction a whole number Fraction that takes fewest parts to make whole number is largest When fractions share same denominator, fraction with largest numerator is largest fraction

  11. Adding Fractions Denominators must be same If denominators are different, must find LCD When adding mixed numbers, may change to improper fraction then reduce If numerator is larger than denominator, divide numerator by denominator

  12. Subtracting Fractions Denominators must be same If denominators are different, must find LCD When subtracting mixed numbers, may change to improper fraction then reduce Subtract numerators, and place answer over denominator

  13. Cancellation Used when dividing or multiplying fractions Allows user to work with smaller numbers (continues)

  14. Cancellation Steps Divide numerators or denominators by largest number in each Continue with math process of problem

  15. Multiplication Whole numbers Change to fraction by placing whole number over 1 Proceed as you would with other fractions Mixed numbers Change mixed number to improper fraction Proceed as you would with other fractions

  16. Division Whole numbers Change to fraction by placing whole number over 1 Invert the divisor Multiply as you would with any other fraction (continues)

  17. Division Mixed numbers Change to improper fraction Invert the divisor Multiply as you would with any other fraction

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