HERE ARE SOME DEFINITIONS FOUND IN VARIOUS TEXTS

1. What is geography ? HERE ARE SOME DEFINITIONS FOUND IN VARIOUS TEXTS If "When?" is the realm of history, then "Where?" is the primary focus of geographic inquiry.

2. Geography --- deBlij “Geography is concerned with the analysis of the physical and human characteristics of the Earth’s surface from a spatial perspective”. deBlij Human Geography, A-21.

3. Human Geography -- Fellmann “The spatial analysis of human populations, their cultures, their activities and behaviors, and their relationship with and impact on the physical landscapes they occupy”. Fellmann, Human Geography, p 553.

4. Geography -- Rubenstein “The scientific study of the location of people and activities across Earth, and the reasons for their distribution”. Rubenstein Human Geography, p 2. ____________________________________ Human geography -- Rubenstein “The study of where and why human activities are located where they are”. Rubenstein, p. 4

5. IN OTHER WORDS……

6. Whywhat is where.

7. Why what is where. Can be anything

8. tall buildings

9. fast food restaurants

10. slums

11. volcanoes

12. Why what is where. Spatial component

13. Why what is where. tallest buildings fast food restaurants slums volcanoes

14. Why what is where. center of city grouped together Outskirts of cities edge of plates tallest buildings fast food restaurants slums volcanoes

15. AP Human Geography Topics • Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives • Population & Migration • Cultural Patterns and Processes • Political Organization of Space • Agricultural and Rural Land Use • Industrialization and Economic Development • Cities and Urban Land Use

16. Human Geography: Five Themes • Location – the space that is occupied in the universe (absolute/relative). • Place – physical and human characteristics: space after humans. • Human/Environment Interactions – how humans depend, modify, and adapt to their environments. • Movement – how humans interact on earth, the diffusion of religion or trade patterns through connections of peoples. • Regions – an area with one or more shared characteristics.

17. Vocabulary Tests • Map Tests • Multiple Choice Tests • Free Response Questions (FRQs)

18. Notes, notes, everywhere and not a thought to think

19. Homework: Read Key Issue 1 (pp. 6-14) and complete SQ3R

20. Debra Troxell, NBCT

21. Three sources of map distortion • Map scale – most maps are smaller than the reality they represent. Map scales tell us how much smaller. • Map projection – this occurs because you must transform the curved surface of the earth on a flat plane. • Map type – you can display the same information on different types of maps.

22. Map scale – tells us relationship between distance on map and distance on earth’s surface • Ratio scale = ratio of map distance to earth distance. • 1:10,000 means that one inch on the map equals 10,000 inches earth’s surface; one centimeter represents 10,000 centimeters; or one foot equals 10,000 feet. • Recall a small fraction has a large denominator so that 1:100,000 is a smaller scale than 1:25,000. • A large-scale map depicts a small area with great detail. • A small-scale map depicts a larger area with little detail. Distortion is especially severe here.

23. A. B. C. D. Which is the large-scale map?

24. Which map scale shows the most detail? a. 1:250,000 b. 1:24,000 c. 1:100,000 d. 1:62,500 • A map with a large scale usually shows a. a large amount of land space b. a small amount of land space c. physical features only of a land space d. the local-global continuum e. political boundaries between countries only

25. the other Scale • Refers to at what scale a process occurs – • For example, while the storm didn’t make the national news, at the local scale it was a major story.

26. Evolution of Mapmaking • Babylonians – 2300 BC earliest surviving maps written on clay tablets. • Aristotle – 384-322 BC demonstrated earth was spherical through maps.

27. Evolution of Mapmaking • Eratosthenes – 276-194 BC first person to use the word geography. Also the first person to correctly divide earth into 5 climatic regions. • Ptolemy – 100-170 AD Guide to Geography • Age of Exploration – by the 17th century, most continents and oceans were accurately displayed.

28. Who demonstrated the Earth was round using maps? a. Ptolemy b. Aristotle c. Eratosthenes d. Sauer • Who coined the word geography? a. Ptolemy b. Aristotle c. Eratosthenes d. Sauer

29. Debra Troxell, NBCT

30. GeoSpatial Revolution • Episode 1 http://geospatialrevolution.psu.edu/episode1

31. Contemporary Mapping • GIS (geographic information systems) • GPS (global positioning system) • Remote Sensing Satellites

32. GIS Layers

33. Use of GIS in Emergencies

35. Remote Sensing • The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface remotely such as from an airplane or satellite orbiting the planet. • Primarily environmental mapping – vegetation, surface cover, winter ice cover, deforestation

36. Satellite images of the north-east coast of Japan before (left) and after the earthquake and tsunami. Water is black or dark blue and the thin green line in the 'after' image indicates the shoreline. Photograph: Nasa • http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/13/world/asia/satellite-photos-japan-before-and-after-tsunami.html?_r=0 • http://eijournal.com/2011/disaster-response-in-japan-2

37. a. Remote Sensing b. GPS c. GIS d. DTM • Layers of geographical information that can be selected or deselected when viewing a map • Can immediately scan the Earth’s surface to determine changes in geography

38. Subway: Know Where You’re Going

39. Homework: The Subway Geographic Activity 1

40. Homework: Read Key Issue 3 (pp. 30-39) and complete SQ3R

41. Class Work: The Subway Geographic Activity 2

42. Distribution Density Concentration Pattern

43. Distribution definition • The arrangement of something across earth’s surface

46. Population Density

47. What factors affect population distribution? • Economic • Social • Political • Environmental

49. Population Density - Asia

50. Density of Population, 2005