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HIST 2509 A History of Germany

HIST 2509 A History of Germany. Lecture 13-2 Germany at the Fin-de-Siècle. The Augsburg Zoo Affair 2005. Today’s Main Themes. Understanding “modernity.” An antidote to authoritarianism? The multiple Germanys. Antecedents to Weimar and Nazi Germany. I. Modernity and Its Discontents .

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HIST 2509 A History of Germany

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  1. HIST 2509 A History of Germany Lecture 13-2 Germany at the Fin-de-Siècle

  2. The Augsburg Zoo Affair 2005

  3. Today’s Main Themes • Understanding “modernity.” • An antidote to authoritarianism? • The multiple Germanys. • Antecedents to Weimar and Nazi Germany.

  4. I. Modernity and Its Discontents Wilhelmine Germany -paradoxes, contrasts, and contradictions -politically, socially fractured -competing agendas and ways of life: traditionalism, authoritarianism, and modernity

  5. Traditionalism Die Hüldegung Wilhelm I, by Paul Bürde 1871 German Historical Museum, Berlin

  6. Authoritarianism The Siegesallee in Berlin’s Tiergarten Max Missmann, 1905 German Historical Museum, Berlin

  7. The depths of poverty Life in Poverty in Berlin, 1910 German Historical Museum, Berlin

  8. The height of modernity Swimsuit Fashions, 1913 German Historical Museum, Berlin

  9. II. Mass Politics and Culture Pan-German League Navy League support for naval race

  10. Berlin Germania Football Squad, 1898 German Historical Museum, Berlin

  11. High and low culture: mass spectacle The Panopticon -- 1913 -- “in their re-created villages”

  12. Acting the Part Die Völkerschau der Samoaner 1910, Dresden Zoo.

  13. III. Literature, Art, and Society • establishment culture • anti-bourgeois expression • literary opposition, theater, cabaret • painting and sculpture • music

  14. 1) establishment culture elitist, status, station hero-worship sentimentality Berlin Cathedral, 1898 German Historical Museum

  15. 2) anti-bourgeois expression SPD-driven cultural movements -Volkshochschule “people’s schools” -Käthe Kollwitz, Gerhard Hauptmann -Heinrich Mann and education Clara Zetkin (1871-1933) Socialist-feminist, teacher, and MP

  16. 2) anti-bourgeois expression Middle-class movements -the Wandervogel (wandering birds) -Karl Fischer and Hans Breuer Der Zupfgeigenhansl (Guitarist’s Companion)

  17. More wandering birds….

  18. -anti-materialism -anti-bourgeois -sometimes anti-semitic -anti-war -Hohen Meissen 1913 re-enactment of Battle of Nations 1813

  19. Nudism and FKK Freiekörperkultur -health, sport, beauty, freedom nakididity

  20. Back to the land artist colony in Worpswede, 1898 -- Heinrich Vogeler

  21. Desire, 1908, also by Vogeler

  22. 3) literary opposition, theater, cabaret -the press Simplizissimus (The Simpleton) 1892 Der Wahre Jacob (The Real McCoy) Zukunft (Future) -Maximilian Harden, “the table,” and the Eulenberg Affair

  23. 3) literary opposition, theater, cabaret -Trivialliteratur, Schundliteratur (the yellow press) -romance novels -from highbrow to lowbrow -science fiction, mystical, erotica -prostitutes, city life, decline of middle class

  24. Theater Max Reinhardt’s Deutsches Theater -naturalism (socially critical Theater -- The Weavers 1893) -socialist Freie Volksbühne (people’s stage)

  25. cabaret

  26. 4) Painting, sculpture “this was the taste of an age that had no taste” -a turn away from naturalism and sentimentalism -1894 Munich seccessionism -paved way for impressionism (1860-1900) and expressionism (1900-1910) -and Jugendstil or art nouveau

  27. Impressionism -Monet

  28. Expressionism -Emil Nolde’s The Dancers 1910 -Klimt’s Jugendstil

  29. 5) music -from the sentimentalism of Wagner’s operas to avant guard and experimental -Arnold Schoenberg’s atonality

  30. IV. Sexual Science and the Unconscious • Freud and psychoanalysis • sexology -Krafft-Ebing, Hirschfeld, and the third sex -companionate marriage and repeal of anti-sodomy legislation

  31. Advice manuals, magazines, self help guides anything but Victorian values

  32. V. The Balance Sheet • Literature, art, society between traditionalism and modernity • Not turn inward, but intensely political • Weimar, Nazi cultural and political antecedents • Alongside authoritarianism stood powerful critique of society **how will 1914 affect these voices of opposition?

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