Forming Complex Societies

1. Forming Complex Societies

2. What changes in technology have you seen over the course of humankind that we have studied so far? Do Now

3. Activity • In your groups, work on your assigned section of the worksheet. • Group 1: Farming villages (page 57) • Group 2: Farming Communities Spread (page 58) • Group 3: Changes in technology (page 59) • Group 4: Economic and Social Changes (pages 60 and 61)

4. Essential Question • Why did early people begin to live together in farming villages?

5. Farming Villages 1. Why did farming villages develop?

6. Farming Villages Answer: Some farmers produced enough surplus food to support more people

7. Farming Villages 2. What details about the houses of Çatal Hüyük suggest that the village was a permanent settlement?

8. The houses were made of baked clay bricks, and people decorated their homes with paintings and carvings of women, bulls, and other images. Farming Villages Answer: The houses were made of baked clay bricks, and people decorated their homes with paintings and carvings of women, bulls, and other images.

9. Çatal Hüyük

10. Farming Villages 3. Near what resources did highly successful farming communities develop?

11. Farming Villages Answer: Water and good soil

12. Farming Communities Spread Greece

13. Greece Animals Raised Plants Grown • Cattle • Sheep • Pigs • Wheat • Barley • Other grains

14. Asia (present day India, Pakistan)

15. Asia (present day India, Pakistan) Animals Raised Plants Grown • Cattle • Water buffalo • Other Animals • Grains • Other Crops

16. Mehrgarh

17. Mehrgarh Animals Raised Plants Grown • Not known • Cotton

18. Farming Communities Spread 5. What two advantages did terraces provide for the Yangshao people?

19. Farming Communities Spread Answer: More flat land for farming and protection from floods

20. 6. How did each change to the plow improve farming? Changes in Technology

21. Answer: Each change made planting easier and faster and allowed fewer people to plant larger crops Changes in Technology

22. How do you think farming led to the development of new kinds of tools? Changes in Technology

23. Answer: People learned to use baskets, plows, and other tools to make farming easier Changes in Technology

24. Stick: dig up roots, made holes to plant seeds Hoe: break up and turn over soil for planting, and to dig out rocks and tree roots Stick Plow: cut, lift, turn over soil. Dug rows in soil and then placed seeds or young plants in ground Plow with wooden stone or blade: faster Animal-drawn plow: used cattle, less people needed Irrigation: dug ditches from rivers to fields Farming Tools Used

25. Ancient Tools Stick Plow Stick Hoe

26. Ancient Tools Plow with wooden or stone blade Animal Drawn Plow

27. Ancient Tools Irrigation

28. Economic and Social Changes 8. Why were surpluses important to the economic structure of a farming village?

29. Economic and Social Changes Answer: People bartered surplus goods for things they wanted or needed.

30. Economic and Social Changes 9. How did trade cause changes in the social structure of early farming villages?

31. Economic and Social Changes Answer: As trade developed, people needed leadership. People needed someone to turn to in order to resolve conflicts, such as who owned land or a resource.

32. Economic and Social Changes 10. What animals were raised in pastoral societies?

33. Economic and Social Changes Answer: Goats, sheep, horses, and cattle

35. Economic and Social Changes 11. What resources did pastoral people get from their animals?

36. Economic and Social Changes Answer: Milk, hides, and bones for tools

37. Wrap Up • List 3 things you learned today on your note card.