Patentable Innovative Research

1. Patentable Innovative Research Ayoade MJ. Oduola University of Ibadan Research Foundation University of Ibadan 11 August 2015 College of medicine Workshop

2. This Session • Presentation 30 minutes • Discussions 10 minutes • Suggestions on way forward

4. Outline of presentation • Why Patent and Innovations? Africa -Economic Statistics • Human Genome Sequencing (a landmark in S&T) • India Biotechnology Industry–Context of sustainable development • Product Areas and Dividends of Biotechnology • Example of research areas

5. Africa • Population 1.1 Billion (15% World Population) • GDP US$ 2,390 Trillion (2013) • GDP Growth 5.16% (2004-2006)* • GDP Per Capital US$ 2,320 • Millionaires 100,000 (1%) • People living in poverty <US$1 per day 36.2% Low population Density but growing at an alarming rate. 65 people per square mile

6. Global Economic Ranking "World Economic Outlook". IMF. April 2013 data. National Bureau of Economic Research2014.

7. Global Economic Ranking "World Economic Outlook". IMF. April 2013 data. National Bureau of Economic Research2014.

8. The World @ Night

10. BRICS

11. BRICS

13. Promises to All?

14. Brazil: Leadership in Genomics and Biotechnology in Developing World

15. INDIA

16. India: Biotechnology • Indian bio-economy 2003 USD 530 Million • Indian bio-economy 2013 USD 4.3 Billion • 30% Growth per year USD 100 billion 2025 • Market’s revenues 2011-12 USD 3.31 Billion • Market’s Size–13 USD 4.3 Billion • 28 % Growth in 2013–17 USD 11.6 Billion

18. India: Key Opportunity Segments Vaccines Therapeutics Diagnostics Bio-Pharma R&D Bio Services Bioinformatics Bio Suppliers Agri Biotech Industrial Biotech

19. Biotechnology: Key Opportunity Segments Vaccines Therapeutics Diagnostics Bio-Pharma R&D Bio Services Bioinformatics Bio Suppliers Agri Biotech Industrial Biotech

23. Structure and function Drugs Vaccines Diagnostics Gene From Genomes to Discovery Sequencing bacterial and parasitic pathogens... could buy the sequence of every virulence determinant, every protein antigen and every drug target… for all time. B.R. Bloom (1995) Nature 378, 236

24. Potential targets Chemical validation (selectivity) Genetic validation (essentiality) (added value) Target Discovery & Validation Metabolites & Macromolecules DNA RNA Protein Transcriptome Proteome Metabolome Genome Comparative database mining Comparative biochemistry & molecular biology Validated targets

25. Leveraging Genomic and Population Data to Develop Molecular Diagnostic and Surveillance Tools for Home Management of Malaria Access to international genomic research resources BROAD Institute, SANGER Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Enhance & scale up home, near home management of malaria Deployment strategy Current Advances in Basic, Genomic and Clinical Research Monitoring parasite popul. for drug resistance Development of non-invasive diagnostics (RDTs) Monitoring of insecticide resistance in vectors Monitor impact of depletion of population on malaria transmission Evaluation & validation Assay Development based on use Proteomics (parasite protein & genome) Assays for parasites in patients Assays for markers in parasites Assays for insecticide resistance Design intervention strategy Vector modelling Evaluation & validation Population Studies Epidemiological research (4 sites) Population genomics Identification of drug resistant loci Vector population & ITNs Entomology parasites people vectors Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4

26. Makler et. Al. 1998. Parasitology Today. 14:9, 375-376

27. Mosquito population Dynamics Vector population Insecticides parasites people Proteomics Proteins Genome Validation Malaria transmission Assay Development Model Experimental Design Field Evaluation Diagnostics Evaluation & Validation Strategy to use ITNs Deployment Strategy Deployment Strategy Access to international genomic research resources BROAD Institute, SANGER Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) parasites people vectors Leverage advances in genomics, clinical & basic research and population genetics for public health through: Administrative & Data Cores MD1 MD2 Non Invasive Diagnostics Vector Control Research Centres Testing Centres Capacity building Post docs, PHDs, Tech and infrastructure All Centres Strategic, Pragmatic and Effective Home management of Malaria ITN, Iptp, Ipti

28. Thank you

31. The World @ Night

32. Spending on Science & Technology • AU in 2007 –recommended 1 per cent of GDP to research and development by 2020 • Sub-Saharan African countries spent on average 0.3% • North African countries spend a comparative 0.4% • South Africa spends 0.87% of GDP on science and technology research.

33. Source: AFRICAN INNOVATION OUTLOOK II/OECD

34. The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent

35. The University of Ibadan: Measures of Academic Excellence I • Student Population 20,000 • Academic Staff Strength 1400 • Number of students graduated 187,255 • Number of Publications Per year 300 • Infrastructure Fair/Good • Contributions to National Development • Commendable

36. World Competitiveness Yearbook 2010 • The World Competitiveness Yearbook measures 58 countries on the basis of 327 criteria. The International Institute for Management Development reports that Singapore, Hong Kong and the US come out on top in the World Competitiveness Rankings, while South Africa improved its position to 44th place. The Economist

37. Why Invest in Energy Research? Domac, Richards and Risovics, 2005. Biomas and Bioenergy 28: 97-106