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GEOMETRY

Math 10. GEOMETRY. Students are expected to:. 1) Determine and apply formulas for perimeter, area, surface area, and volume. 2) Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of surface area and volume. 3) Determine the accuracy and precision of a measurement.

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GEOMETRY

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  1. Math 10 GEOMETRY

  2. Students are expected to: 1) Determine and apply formulas for perimeter, area, surface area, and volume. 2) Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of surface area and volume. 3) Determine the accuracy and precision of a measurement. 4) Explore properties of, and make and test conjectures about, two- and three-dimensional figures.

  3. What is Geometry? Geometry is the study of shapes. History They studied Geometry in Ancient Mesopotamia & Ancient Egypt. Geometry is important in the art and construction fields.

  4. Geometry in Real Life

  5. Shapes Vocabulary Review equilateral, isosceles, right Know the different types of triangles rhombus, square, rectangle, parallelogram, trapezoid Know the different types of quadrilaterals

  6. Identify, describe, and classify solid geometric figures.

  7. Quadrilaterals and Triangles

  8. Quadrilateral: A four-sided polygon rhombus Square rectangle Parallelogram

  9. Square: A rectangle with 4 congruent sides

  10. Parallelogram: A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel and congruent. Rhombus: A parallelogram whose four sides are congruent and whose opposite angles are congruent.

  11. Rectangle: A parallelogram with 4 right angles

  12. Trapezoid: A quadrilateral with only two parallel sides

  13. Triangle: A three-sided polygon

  14. Equilateral triangle: A triangle with three congruent sides

  15. Isosceles triangle A triangle with two congruent sides and two congruent angle

  16. Scalene triangle: A triangle with no congruent sides

  17. Activity Now it’s your turn to find these shapes in the real world. PICK A PARTNER! • Go outside the classroom. • Gather any 5 materials or collect pictures that has • distinctive shapes. • 3) Present it in the class and identify what shape it is. stop

  18. Shapes in Real Life

  19. Parallelogram: A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel and congruent Rhombus: A parallelogram whose four sides are congruent and whose opposite angles are congruent

  20. A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel and congruent

  21. Equilateral triangle: A triangle with three congruent sides

  22. triangle Can you Identify all These shapes? trapezoid rectangle parallelogram

  23. WHAT ARE THE Factors to be considered in container design? * NATURE OF THE PRODUCT * VOLUME OF THE PRODUCT * TRANSPORTATION OF THE PRODUCT * SURFACE AREA OF THE PACKAGING OF THE PRODUCT * ECONOMICAL RATE OF THE CONTAINER * DISPOSAL OF THE CONTAINER

  24. What Is Volume ? The volume of a solid is the amount of space inside the solid. Consider the cylinder below: If we were to fill the cylinder with water the volume would be the amount of water the cylinder could hold:

  25. 5m 8m Volumes Of Solids 7cm 5 cm 14cm 6cm 4cm 4cm 3cm 10cm

  26. Volume is the amount of space occupied by any 3-dimensional object. 1cm 1cm 1cm Volume = base area x height = 1cm2 x 1cm = 1cm3

  27. 1cm 1cm 1cm Measuring Volume Volume is measured in cubic centimetres (also called centimetre cubed). Here is a cubic centimetre It is a cube which measures 1cm in all directions. We will now see how to calculate the volume of various shapes.

  28. 4cm 3cm 10cm 10cm 3cm Volumes Of Cuboids Look at the cuboid below: We must first calculate the area of the base of the cuboid: The base is a rectangle measuring 10cm by 3cm:

  29. 4cm 3cm 10cm 10cm 3cm Area of a rectangle = length x breadth Area = 10 x 3 Area = 30cm2 We now know we can place 30 centimetre squares on the base of the cuboid. But we can also place 30 cubic centimetres on the base:

  30. 4cm 3cm 10cm We have now got to find how many layers of 1cm cubes we can place in the cuboid: We can fit in 4 layers. Volume = 30 x 4 Volume = 120cm3 That means that we can place 120 of our cubes measuring a centimetre in all directions inside our cuboid.

  31. 4cm 3cm 10cm We have found that the volume of the cuboid is given by: Volume = 10 x 3 x 4 = 120cm3 This gives us our formula for the volume of a cuboid: Volume = Length x Breadth x Height V=LBH for short.

  32. 4cm 3cm 10cm The Cross Sectional Area When we calculated the volume of the cuboid : We found the area of the base : This is the Cross Sectional Area. The Cross section is the shape that is repeated throughout the volume. We then calculated how many layers of cross section made up the volume. This gives us a formula for calculating other volumes: Volume = Cross Sectional Area x Length.

  33. (1) (2) 7cm 3.4cm 5 cm 3.4cm 14cm 3.4cm (3) 3.2m 2.7m 8.9 m What Goes In The Box ? Calculate the volumes of the cuboids below: 490cm3 39.3cm3 76.9 m3

  34. 6cm 4cm The Volume Of A Cylinder Consider the cylinder below: It has a height of 6cm . What is the size of the radius ? 2cm Volume = cross section x height What shape is the cross section? Circle Calculate the area of the circle: A =  r 2 A = 3.14 x 2 x 2 A = 12.56 cm2 The formula for the volume of a cylinder is: V =  r 2 h r = radius h = height. Calculate the volume: V =  r 2 x h V = 12.56 x 6 V = 75.36 cm3

  35. A beverage can has the following dimensions. What is its volume?SolutionA = πr2 (Area of the Base)A = (3.14) (8)2A = 3.14 × 64A = 200.96A = 201 cm2V = AhV = (201 cm2) (18 cm)V = 3618 cm3The volume of the beverage can is 3618 cm3.

  36. 5cm 8cm 5cm The Volume Of A Triangular Prism Consider the triangular prism below: Volume = Cross Section x Height What shape is the cross section ? Triangle. Calculate the area of the triangle: A = ½ x base x height A = 0.5 x 5 x 5 A = 12.5cm2 Calculate the volume: Volume = Cross Section x Length The formula for the volume of a triangular prism is : V = ½ b h l b= base h = height l = length V = 12.5 x 8 V = 100 cm3

  37. A chocolate bar is sold in the following box. Calculate the space inside the box. Solution V = AhV = (1600 mm2) (200 mm)V = 320 000 mm3The space inside the box is 320 000 mm3.

  38. (1) (2) 14cm 4m 5m 16cm 3m (3) 8m 12cm 6cm What Goes In The Box ? Calculate the volume of the shapes below: 2813.4cm3 30m3 288cm3

  39. D D H H Volume Of A Cone Consider the cylinder and cone shown below: The diameter (D) of the top of the cone and the cylinder are equal. The height (H) of the cone and the cylinder are equal. If you filled the cone with water and emptied it into the cylinder, how many times would you have to fill the cone to completely fill the cylinder to the top ? This shows that the cylinder has three times the volume of a cone with the same height and radius. 3 times.

  40. r h r = radius h = height The formula for the volume of a cylinder is : V =  r 2 h We have seen that the volume of a cylinder is three times more than that of a cone with the same diameter and height . The formula for the volume of a cone is:

  41. (2) (1) 18m 13m 6m 9m Calculate the volume of the cones below:

  42. 12m 16m A1 A2 23m 20m More Complex Shapes Calculate the volume of the shape below: Calculate the volume: Volume = Cross sectional area x length. V = 256 x 23 V = 2888m3 Calculate the cross sectional area: Area = A1 + A2 Area = (12 x 16) + ( ½ x (20 –12) x 16) Area = 192 + 64 Area = 256m2

  43. (1) (2) A2 A1 Circle Right Angled Triangle. (4) (3) Pentagon Rectangle & Semi Circle. For the solids below identify the cross sectional area required for calculating the volume:

  44. Example A2 10cm A1 18cm 12cm Calculate the volume of the shape below: Calculate the volume. Volume = cross sectional area x Length V = 176.52 x 18 V = 3177.36cm3 Calculate the cross sectional area: Area = A1 + A2 Area = (12 x 10) + ( ½ x  x 6 x 6 ) Area = 120 +56.52 Area = 176.52cm2

  45. 11m (1) 17cm (2) 14m 32cm 23cm 22m 18m What Goes In The Box? 4466m3 19156.2cm3

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