Roosevelt & the New Deal

1. Roosevelt & the New Deal The Great Depression (1929-1941) Chapter 26, Section 2

2. Essential Questions: • What were the goals of FDR's New Deal Programs to help the country recover? • How did FDR's response to the Great Depression differ from that of Herbert Hoover's? • What criticisms were there of the New Deal Programs passed by Congress? • Why was there a need for a 2nd New Deal? • How did FDR respond to the New Deal being declared "unconstitutional?"

3. 1932 Presidential Election • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) (Related to Theodore Roosevelt) Won the 1932 Election! • Democrat! Elected in November 1932 • Had to Wait Until March 4th, 1933 to Take Office • 20th Amendment! (Now January)

5. FDR vs. Hoover • FDR Gave Americans Hope in His Inaugural Address! • FDR Was a Democrat: Against Laissez Faire! • FDR Wanted to Use the Power of the Government to Solve the Great Depression • Created a “Brain Trust” to Create Solutions to Fight the Depression

6. FDR’s Inaugural Address • March 4th, 1933 • “Let Me Assert My Firm Belief, That the Only Thing We Have to Fear is Fear Itself.” • What Did FDR Mean When He Said This to the American People?

8. Roosevelt Takes Charge! • After Inauguration Speech at the Capitol, FDR Went Straight Back to the White House • FDR Skipped All of the Inauguration Balls • FDR Worked All Night Long With the “Brain Trust” & Congressmen!

9. 3 Immediate Steps! • FDR Took 3 Immediate Actions To Boost the American People’s Confidence! • Step #1 = The Bank Holiday! • FDR Shut Down ALL Banks in the United States! • Step #2 = FDR Promised ONLY Banks in Good Shape Would Re-Open!

11. Step #3: The Fireside Chats • FDR Every Night Would Speak to the Country From the White House • FDR Would Explain What the Government Was Doing to Solve the Great Depression! • Made Americans Feel Better & Gain More Confidence that the Government is Doing Something to Help! • FDR – Great Leadership Skills!

14. The New Deal • FDR’s Plans to Fight the Depression • A Number of Programs to Get People Back to Work! • If People Get a Paycheck, They Will Spend $$$! Then…

16. The 100 Days Campaign • Famous Session of Congress (March-June 1933) • Every Day FDR Sent Bills to Congress for them to Approve! • 100 Days Campaign Passed the New Deal, FDR’s Programs to Fight the Great Depression!

18. The 3 “R’s” of the Hundred Days Campaign! • Relief = Feed the Hungry & Create Jobs for the Unemployed • Recovery = Help Agriculture (Farmers) & Businesses • Reforms = Change the Way the Economy Worked! • Make Sure Depression NEVER Happens Again!

20. The New Deal Programs: AAA(The 100 Days Campaign) • AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Administration • Regulated Farm Production & Promoted Soil Conservation • Paid Farmers Not to Grow Crops! Why Would the U.S. Do That?

22. The New Deal Programs: CCC • CCC– Civilian Conservation Corporation • Hired Young Men to Plant Trees, Build Dams, Work on Conservation Projects • Gave Men Jobs!

24. CCC Work Camps in the U.S.

26. New Deal Program: FDIC • FDIC – Protects/ Insures the $$$ of Depositors in Banks • If the Bank Fails, Gets Robbed, Catches Fire, Etc…, The Government Insures Your $$$! • Insured Up to $100K (Obama has Moved That Up to $250K) • If People Place $$$ in Banks, Then Banks Can Lend Out Loans to New Businesses = Create Jobs

27. The New Deal Programs: NRA • NRA– The National Recovery Administration • Regulated Industry & Raised Wages & Prices • The Blue Eagle!

31. New Deal Programs: PWA • PWA – Public Works Administration • Created Jobs By Having People Build Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, & Other Public Works Projects • Put People to Work!

34. The New Deal Programs: TVA • TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority • Built More Than 40 Dams in Tennessee • Gave People Jobs! • Dams Create Hydroelectric Power • Cheap & Clean • Energy Bills in Tennessee are about 1/3 Less!

36. Power Supplied By TVA

37. The New Deal Programs: FERA • FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Administration • Provided Federal Money for Relief Projects to 13 Million Unemployed • Gave Out Food & Jobs!

40. Criticisms of the New Deal: • Conservatives (Republicans) Thought the New Deal Went to Far • Laissez-Faire! • Feared U.S. Government Was Getting too BIG! • Feared U.S. Could Not Pay for All of the New Deal Programs! • Raise Taxes! • Feared That U.S. Was Moving Towards Socialism!

44. More Criticism: • Huey Long – Senator from Louisiana • Thought the New Deal Did Not Go Far Enough! • Wanted Redistribution of All Wealth to All Americans • Everyone Shares All the $$$ in the Country! • Wanted SOCIALISM!

45. Father Charles Coughlin • Wanted the New Deal to Help the Poor More! • Wanted Socialism! • Blamed Jewish Followers for the Depression! • Had His Own Radio Show that the Catholic Church Canceled! • Racist!

46. Dr. Francis Townshend • Did Not Like the New Deal! • “Father” of the Social Security System • Wanted the U.S. Government to Give $200 a Month to Every U.S. Citizen Over 60 Years Old • Create a Sales Tax to Pay For It!

47. 1934 Congressional Election: • FDR Elected in 1932 • House of Representatives Gets Elected Every 2 Year • Americans Usually Elect the Opposite Party into Congress • President Does Not Get Too Powerful! • Americans Elected More Democrats to Congress! • Showed They Supported FDR & the New Deal! • Democrats Now Had Control of the White House (Executive) & Congress (Legislative)