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Wildlife objectives: mixed-conifer dry forest

Wildlife objectives: mixed-conifer dry forest. John Lehmkuhl Research Wildlife Biologist Wenatchee Forestry Sciences Lab. Flying squirrel density. Lincoln-Peterson estimator. 3.0. 2.5. Mature. 2.0. Open pine forest consistently is poorer habitat. Mean density . Young. 1.5. Open pine.

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Wildlife objectives: mixed-conifer dry forest

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  1. Wildlife objectives: mixed-conifer dry forest John Lehmkuhl Research Wildlife Biologist Wenatchee Forestry Sciences Lab

  2. Flying squirrel density Lincoln-Peterson estimator 3.0 2.5 Mature 2.0 Open pine forest consistently is poorer habitat. Mean density Young 1.5 Open pine 1.0 0.5 1997 1998 1999 2000 Year

  3. Home range area as indicator of habitat quality….. 4.6 ha 2.7 ha > 2.3 ha = Open Pine Young Mature Flyers in PIPO foraged in mixed conifer stands

  4. 3.0 2.5 2.0 GLSA density 1.5 Mature Young 1.0 Open pine 0.5 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Canopy cover (%) Low canopy closure = fewer flying squirrels

  5. Flyer fitness increases with richness of plant understories… 0.6 r = 0.98 0.5 0.4 Survival or Recruitment rate survival rate 0.3 r = 0.98 recruitment rate 0.2 30 40 50 60 Understory species richness

  6. Truffle biomass important for survival & recruitment…. 0.7 0.6 survival 0.5 0.4 Probability 0.3 recruitment 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Truffle biomass (kg/ha)

  7. Truffle biomass & richness is higher in cool-moist environments 14 12 richness r = 0.8 10 8 Biomass / Richness 6 4 biomass r = 0.7 2 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 aspect gradient index

  8. Truffle food increaseswith canopy closure 7 6 Biomass 5 r = 0.75 4 Biomass (kg/ha) 3 2 1 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Canopy closure (%)

  9. Biomass r = 0.80 Truffle richness & biomass increases with woody debris cover… 14 12 Richness 10 r = 0.85 8 Biomass / Richness 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 Coarse woody debris cover (%)

  10. 0.60 survival 0.55 Probability 0.50 0.45 0.40 0 2 4 6 8 10 Lichen biomass (kg/ha) Flyer survival rate increases with forage lichen biomass…

  11. Lichen biomass highestin old moist stands forage lichens

  12. n = 3 n = 2 n = 4 n = 3 Bushy-tailed woodrat density

  13. Woodrat density groups low high Group mean density (woodrats/ha) 0.93 0.13 0.28 0.54 Large snag density <20/ha Mistletoe index <5.0 Soft log cover <1.3% BT woodrats density highest where dead wood & mistletoe… Woodrats most abundant where more snags, mistletoe, & logs

  14. Treatments increase dominant small mammals Deer mouse Yellow-pine chipmunk 2.00 3.00 thinned burned thinned 1.25 1.75 0.50 0.50 Log(density) unburned -0.25 -0.75 burned -1.00 -2.00 no yes no yes Thinned Thinned

  15. Retain mesic patches of stands & landscapes…

  16. Flying squirrels Maintain 50% closure overall, but patchy… Leave patches large trees (lichens, truffles). Create open patches (understory richness). Large down wood (truffles). Large old snags, large mistletoe brooms (dens). Bushy-tailed woodrats Large old snags & replacements. Large mistletoe brooms. Large down wood. Other small mammals Patchy dense & open stands maintain diversity. Treatment objectives to test…

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