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Language Specification using Metamodelling

Language Specification using Metamodelling. Joachim Fischer Humboldt University Berlin. LAB Workshop Geneva 24.11.02. cover domains, not the universe  complex systems need more than one language (SDL, ASN.1, ...) for their description, implementation, deployment, ...

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Language Specification using Metamodelling

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  1. Language Specification using Metamodelling Joachim Fischer Humboldt University Berlin LAB Workshop Geneva 24.11.02

  2. cover domains, not the universe  complex systems need more than one language (SDL, ASN.1, ...) for their description, implementation, deployment, ... are driven by user needs (concepts, notations)  evolution need notations  graphical notation in favour: state of the art (SDL, TTCN, MSC, URN, ...) best suited to cope with complexity (2 dimensional drawing + text) clear representation (better than text) often share similar concepts (OO concepts, ODP concepts...) need tools to be used ! need a community to live and to evolve ! Languages ... LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  3. differ in the level of formality "traditionally": use grammars concrete grammar for definition of notations abstract grammar for definition of concepts do not share the grammar with other languages "new" Metamodelling approach: use graphs (labelled nodes and arcs) graphs for definition of concepts assignment of notation elements (informal, formal) differentiation of abstraction levels: model and Metamodel concept of Metamodelling in general is not new but for the definition of languages! Similarities between both? Language Definitions ... LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  4. - instance of M3 - language for specification of / programs / models - semantic definition concept grammar concrete grammar of a language Metamodel M2 parameterised program M1 Model M0 Application executable "New" versus "Traditional" "traditional" Layer Description "new" Layer Meta- Metamodel infrastructure for - language definitions - Metamodelling architecture M3 - instance of M2 - language for description of an information domain - instance of M1 - real subject of existence LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  5. - instance of M3 - language for specification of / programs / models - semantic definition concrete grammar of a language M2 Metamodel static semantic • OCL – Object Constraint Language a mix of • Predicate Logic and • set theory • in an intuitive syntax dynamic semantic Semantic Concerns "traditional" "new" • grammar • wellformedness rules (text,ASM …) • ASM, … • M3 implications • wellformednessrules (text,OCL, …) • mapping tolanguages • ASM, … LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  6. model InterfaceDef isAbstract : Boolean InterfaceDef isAbstract : Boolean ... as metamodel instance a Class a7 : Class name = InterfaceDef ... name = InterfaceDef feature feature an Attribute isAbstract : Attribute name = isAbstract multiplicity = ( {1, 1} ) ... name = isAbstract multiplicity = 1, 1 a PrimitiveType Boolean : PrimitiveType name = Boolean ... name = Boolean type type LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  7. Characteristics of Metamodelling • language definition in M2 layer (Metamodel) • defines concepts • may be manipulated (Extension, Specialization, Structural adaptation) • definition of semantic separated from language notation • no coupling to „grammar technologies“ • suitable (graphical) notation can be selected! • integration of languages with different notations is possible • common Meta-metamodel is a suitable way for a language integration • relations between metamodels (SDL  UML), • construction of a merged Metamodel (language) is possible LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  8. MOF - Meta Object Facility • OMG standard • base of OMG Model Driven Architecture (MDA) • What is it ? • model driven distributed object framework • specification • construction • management • exchange • integration • integrating of Metadata in software systems LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  9. Metameta model MOF - Meta Object Facility • OMG standard • base of OMG Model Driven Architecture (MDA) • What is it ? • model driven distributed object framework • specification • construction • management • exchange • integration • integrating of Metadata in software systems Concept Space • fundamental object oriented terminology • classes, associations, inheritance, packages • common modelling concepts similar to UML-Core (more restricted) LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  10. Metameta model Cl1 Cl2 CORBA MOF MOF - Meta Object Facility • OMG standard • base of OMG Model Driven Architecture (MDA) • What is it ? • model driven distributed object framework • specification • construction • management • exchange • integration • integrating of Metadata in software systems MOF Repository as a Tool offers I/f for storing and processing of • Metamodels (based on MOF concepts) • models (based on those Metamodels) LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  11. Metameta model Cl1 Cl2 CORBA MOF XML representation of models MOF - Meta Object Facility • OMG standard • base of OMG Model Driven Architecture (MDA) • What is it ? • model driven distributed object framework • specification • construction • management • exchange • integration • integrating of Metadata in software systems XML representationensures • exchange of Metamodels and models, independend from: - syntactical representation • MOF-tool-vendor • ORB vendor LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  12. Metameta model Cl1 Cl2 CORBA MOF XML representation of models MOF - Meta Object Facility • OMG standard • base of OMG Model Driven Architecture (MDA) • What is it ? • model driven distributed object framework • specification • construction • management • exchange • integration • integrating of Metadata in software systems usage of the same Metameta-model • as a base for relating Metamodels • representing concepts of different languages comes with the result of • anintegrated language on conceptual level nothing is said about a common notation !!! but: MOF does not define the style of notations ! MOF 1.x comes only with textual description of MOF LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  13. representation of MOF models(Metamodels) • choice of notation/ representation of the definition M2 metamodel API (MOF-IDL) UML- Profile MODL XML • UML and MOF have the same foundation • UML is usable as a language for description of Metamodels, i.e. for definition of other(!) modelling languages MOF XML representation of models IDL for model repository API for tools file/stream • if UML is used for concrete MOF syntax, UML tools can used for that new language too UML, IDL, EDOC, ... eODL, TTCN-3, URN, SDL ??? LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  14. Language concepts API (MOF-IDL) UML XML MODL MOF XML representation of models IDL for model repository API for tools file/stream Benefits of MOF (1) • MOF repository stores metamodels • access via IDL interfaces • generic interfaces for inspection and traversal • model specific interfaces according to MOF concepts • tools can obtain information about the language • tools can add information (implemented language subset) • same interfaces for all metamodels (languages)! LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  15. Language concepts API (MOF-IDL) UML XML MODL MOF XML representation of models IDL for model repository API for tools file/stream Benefits of MOF (2) • MOF-to-IDL mapping generates repositories • IDL for Metamodel specific repository • serve to: • store, • manipulate, • retrieve and • exchange models • standard API for modelling tools • Similar to MOF-IDL • same technology for allmetamodels (languages)! LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  16. Language concepts API (MOF-IDL) UML XML MODL MOF XML representation of models IDL for model repository API for tools file/stream Benefits of MOF (3) • MOF-XMI provides file/streaming format • XML Metadata lnterchange • XMI defines a DTD for MOF • Metamodels can be exchangedas XML file/stream • XMI defines rules to createDTDs for Metamodels • Model can be exchanged as XML file/stream (e.g. UML XMI) • common interchange formatfor all Metamodels! LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  17. Vision of an MOF-based Integration of ITU languages • MOF based Metamodels for all languages • standardized methodology and tool interfaces for language development • Creation, Extension, ... • merge of Metamodels possible • Language integration (as UML is an integration of ...) • definition of arbitrary notations ruled by the zeitgeist LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  18. UML 2.x, 3.x UML 2.0 UML 2.0 restricted MOF 2.0 real-time engine common kernal SDL 2000 SDL restricted SDL 2000 kernel SDL 20xx Can standards allow common tools for UML, SDL, ASN.1, MSC, … with backward compatibility ? our visionary technology approach LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

  19. Questions, Statements ???… LAB Workshop, Geneva 24.11.02

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