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The Respiratory System. Section 4 pg. 190 – 193 . Respiration and the Respiratory System. Breathing is made possible by your respiratory system Respiratory System Group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide Includes Nose Throat Lungs Passageways that lead to lungs.
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The Respiratory System Section 4 pg. 190 – 193
Respiration and the Respiratory System • Breathing is made possible by your respiratory system • Respiratory System • Group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide • Includes • Nose • Throat • Lungs • Passageways that lead to lungs
Respiration and the Respiratory System • Respiration • Process by which a body gets and uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water • Divided into 2 parts 1 – Breathing involves inhaling and exhaling 2 – Cellular respiration involves chemical reactions that release energy from food
Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx • Nose • The main passageway into and out of the respiratory system • Pharynx (throat) • Food and drink pass through • Branches into 2 tubes • Esophagus leads to the stomach • Larynx leads to the lungs • Larynx contains the vocal cords • Elastic bands that stretch across the larynx
Nose, Pharynx, and Larynx • Muscles connected to the larynx control how much the vocal cords are stretched • When air flows between the cords, they vibrate and sound is produced
Trachea • Larynx guards the entrance to a large tube called the trachea, or windpipe • Your body has 2 large, sponge like lungs • The trachea is the passageway for air traveling from the larynx to the lungs
Bronchi and Alveoli • Trachea splits into 2 branches called bronchi (singular, bronchus) • Bronchus • One of the 2 tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea • One bronchus connects to each lung • Bronchus branch into smaller tubes that are called bronchioles • Each bronchiole branches to form tiny sacs called alveoli (singular, alveolus)
Alveoli • Any of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged • Provide large amount of surface area
Breathing • When you breathe, air is sucked into or forced out of your lungs • The lungs have no muscles, so it relies on the diaphragm and rib muscles • Diaphragm • Dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs
Breathing • When you inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down • The chest cavity’s volume increases • At the same time, some of your rib muscles contract and lift your rib cage • As a result, your chest cavity get bigger and a vacuum is created • Air is sucked in, exhaling is this process in reverse!
Breathing and Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration • Oxygen is used by cells to release energy stored in molecules of glucose (type of sugar the body uses for energy) • But where does the oxygen come from? • Inhaling the oxygen diffuses out of the red blood cells and into each cell • Cells use oxygen to release chemical energy • During this process, carbon dioxide and water are produced • Carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs
Respiratory Disorders • Include • Asthma (causes bronchioles to narrow) • Emphysema (alveoli have been damaged) • Sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) • Caused by a virus • May have fever and difficulty breathing http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/respiratorysystem/ • http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/
