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ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa. Session 6C: Skills Development in TVET Entrepreneurship Education in Post-Primary Education and Training: Case Study from Botswana Jakes Swartland.
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ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Session 6C: Skills Development in TVET Entrepreneurship Education in Post-Primary Education and Training: Case Study from Botswana Jakes Swartland Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education
ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Problem statement • How can govts & stakeholders facilitate & contribute to successful Entrepreneurship Education and training (EE)? • Emphasis on preparation of programs and institutions – better outcomes of training? • Study focus on organization of process, co-operation with external partners in policy and program development Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education
ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Research methodology • Time and budget limitations (familiar?!) • Review of documents, interviews with key personnel and beneficiaries, visits to training institutions, industries, parastatals, NGOs • Relevant data not available: comprehensive tracer studies, comparative data from institutions in other contexts using different approaches Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education
ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Main findings • EE is being offered in PP General and TVET • EE is included as a compulsory Core skill/ subject in BTEP at Technical Colleges • BTEP: Wide range of programs; 4 levels: Foundation, Certificate, Advanced Certificate and Diploma (2009) • Today, only Foundation & Certificate courses • High level of female participation (54%) Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education
ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Main findings cont. • Tracer study 2007: 50% of responding candidates are employed / in further studies • Graduates’ satisfaction is high, but they perceive college tutors as poorly qualified • Employers are confused by the program • Low rate of self-employment among graduates, higher among women than men • Lack of access to capital allegedly a major obstacle to small entrepreneurs Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education
ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Main lessons learned • Important to co-operate with stakeholders in development of EE and TVET policy and programs to ensure relevance & quality • Realistic practice is crucial to TVET and EE • Marketing of new programs to the industry is important: improves graduate employability • Courses at different levels should be implemented consecutively with no delays Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education
ADEA 2008 Biennale on Education in Africa Beyond Primary Education: Challenges and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in Africa Conclusions: Main messages • EE and TVET looks promising in terms of income-generation and poverty reduction • TVET programs should always be combined with EE • EE should be offered in general education and TVET alike • Preparation of institutions, and motivated and qualified tutors are prerequisites for successful TVET and EE Beyond Primary Education: Challenges of and Approaches to Expanding Learning Opportunities in AfricaAssociation for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA)Biennale 2008 on Post-Primary Education