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UNIT 4 CHAPTER 16

UNIT 4 CHAPTER 16. SECTION 1 The Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) (pg 349-353). IBERIAN PENINSULA. Only 8 miles separate Morocco, Africa from the Iberian Peninsula at the Strait of Gibraltar Spain and Portugal Pyrenees Mountains and the microstate Andorra separates it from France.

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UNIT 4 CHAPTER 16

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  1. UNIT 4CHAPTER 16 SECTION 1 The Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) (pg 349-353)

  2. IBERIAN PENINSULA • Only 8 miles separate Morocco, Africa from the Iberian Peninsula at the Strait of Gibraltar • Spain and Portugal • Pyrenees Mountains and the microstate Andorra separates it from France

  3. Pyrenees Andorra Spain surrounded by water = great sea faring country Africa Spain

  4. SpainHISTORY & GOVERNMENTAnalyze how past events have affected Spain. 700 AD- Arabic people from Africa called Moors invaded Iberia (brought Islamic religion, irrigation, new crops) 1492-Moors forced out by Christians 1500’s – use navy to build world wide empire 1800’s – lost most of empire, fought many wars about monarchy vs. democracy = civil war in 1936 1939-1975- Francisco Franco rules as dictator of Spain 1975-Today-constitutional monarchy (17 regions have autonomy or self government)

  5. SpainPEOPLE & CULTURE • Government: Constitutional Monarchy • Language: Spanish (Castilian, Basque & Catalan) (dev from Roman Latin + Arabic) • Religion: Roman Catholic • Cities: Madrid, Barcelona • Culture: plazas, Moorish influence (horseshoe arches, geometric designs, names of places-p 354)

  6. SpainECONOMY • Economy: clothing, ships, cars, tourism (traffic, pollution, overbuilding), agriculture (olive oil & wine, Valencia oranges)(corn, potatoes, tomatoes imported from their Am colonies) • EU: joined 1986 (with Portugal)

  7. SpainISSUES & CHALLENGES • Unemployment • Immigration (North Africans looking for jobs-none found) • Independence Movements (Basques between Bay of Biscay & Pyrenees in northern Spain)

  8. PortugalHISTORY & CULTURECompare & contrast Portugal & Spain. • Roman rule • Moorish rule • Established colonies around the world • Language: Portuguese (dev from Roman Latin + Arabic)

  9. PortugalECONOMY • Government: Democratic • EU: joined 1986 (with Spain) • Cities: Lisbon • Economy: tourism, cork, wine • Issues: Immigrants from northern Africa

  10. Italy UNIT 4CHAPTER 16 SECTION 2 The Italian Peninsula (Italy) (pg. 355-359 )

  11. ITALY • Sicily & Sardinia • North boundary –the Alps • Known for architecture, • literature, music, painting, sculpture

  12. San Marino ITALIAN PENINSULA • San Marino – the oldest city and one of two microstate in the regions;300’s – Christians seeking to escape persecution; 23 sq miles • The Vatican – smallest country in the world • (109 acres) (bank, post office, radio station) • Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel The Vatican

  13. ITALY • Roman Empire dominated the region’s history Gladiator fights were population at the Colosseum

  14. ItalyHISTORYAnalyze how Italy’s history has affected it’s culture • 500 BC-Roman Republic (Rome one of 1st cities to have more than 1 million people)Spread laws, language (Romance languages-French, Italian, Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian & Spanish), architecture, urban life, Christianity (Rome houses Roman Catholic Church in Vatican City) • Trade brought wealth (from new products and crafts) and new ideas (innovations) • 400’s-collapse of Western Roman Empire • 1300-1500’s-Renaissance “rebirth” (daVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael) • 1861-Italy becomes a united country • WWI-fought with Allies (US, Eng, France) • 1920-rise of Benito Mussolini • WWII-fought with Axis powers (Italian Benito Mussolini allied with German Adolf Hitler) • 1943-Mussolini overthrown • 1943-Today-Democracy with changing governments • 1958-help found the EU (one of 6 founding countries in 1958- Benelux, Italy, France Germany)

  15. ItalyPEOPLE & CULTURE • Language: Italian (North-French, German, Slovene) • Religion: Roman Catholic • Cities: Rome on Tiber River (political & cultural center) • Government: Democracy (no political majority =50 governments since WWII) • Food: pastas, pastries, sauces, sausages (developed during Renaissance) • Main meal at middle day, siesta, spend time with family & friends end of the day

  16. Italy • NORTH & SOUTH • Describe what Italy is like today. • North Italy – rich and industrialized • North-Po River Valley= • good farmland = • “breadbasket of Italy” • Today known for fine Leather & sports cars • South Italy – poor and agriculture • high poverty & unemployment, poor economy, soil erosion & deforestation; olives, citrus, grapes; less industry • Sicily is where much of the food we enjoy comes from • Where the mob comes from as well South Italy North Italy

  17. ItalyISSUES & CHALLENGES • Southern Economy needs to be improved • Aging Population (low birthrates, no young workers to replace older ones, immigration adds to population) • Pollution (traffic-limits # of trucks that can drive through historic center, smog, wear and tear to monuments)

  18. When bad goes good. Tower of Pisa Venice Italy

  19. UNIT 4CHAPTER 16 SECTION 3 Greece & the Balkan Peninsula (Albania Bulgaria Romania Moldova Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Slovenia Macedonia Croatia Bosnia-Herzegovina,) (pg 360-365)

  20. GREECE • Surrounded by the Aegean, Crete, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas • Europe’s earliest and most advanced civilizations • The Olympics (near Mount Olympus, Greece’s highest peak) and Marathons were started here, as well as Math and Democracy • City-state – powerful self-governing cities Parthenon built in 400 B.C. to Greek goddess Athena

  21. GreeceHISTORY History of foreign rule: • Persians • Romans • Turks • Independence (1829) • Civil War (after WWII) • Democratic Government (1974)

  22. Greece CULTURE, ECONOMY, ISSUES • Language: Greek • Religion: Greek Orthodox Christian • (They had different views on topics such as the use of images (icons), the nature of the Holy Spirit, and the date on which Easter should be celebrated. Greek East has always tended to be more philosophical, abstract and mystical in its thinking) • Food: baklava (Turkish food) • Economy: move from agriculture to industrial • EU: joined 1981 • Challenges: illegal immigrants from Albania, traffic, pollution (smog) • Economic Issues

  23. BALKAN PENINSULA • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Macedonia. Outer region; Bosnia, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, and coming soon Turkey • This region has a large mix of ethnic enclaves • A region completely surrounded by another region

  24. Balkan CountriesHISTORY WEST BALKANS • Ottoman Turks • Independence–form Yugoslavian monarchy • Soviet Union control until 1980 • Fights for independence EAST BALKANS • Romans • Byzantines • Ottoman Turks • Independence –late 1800s • Soviet Union control until 1990s

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