1) Life history traits

1. 1) Life history traits • A) have higher heritability than most morphological traits • B) are weakly selected • C) are optimized by selection acting across the entire lifetime (lifetime reproductive success) • D) all of the above

2. 2) A life table • A) gives a statistical summary of fitness as the sum of lx*mx across all ages • B) can be used to calculate age specific fitness • C) can be used to calculate the fitness effects of mutations that act late in life • D) gives insight into why we grow old • E) all of the above

3. 3) How does high extrinsic mortality alter life history traits • A) it favors early reproduction • B) it favors large numbers of small offspring • C) it allows late acting deleterious mutations to accumulate • D) it favors early acting beneficial alleles even if the same alleles are deleterious later in life • E) all of the above

4. 4) The Smith-Fretwell model of optimal offspring size (from the parent point of view) assumes • A trade-off between size and survivorship of offspring • That larger offspring survive better than smaller ones • That more offspring are better, even if their survival chances are worse • That organisms understand evolutionary biology and can adjust their offspring size

5. 5) senescence • A) occurs because we wear out • B) reflects a trade off between maintenance and reproduction • C) affects the lx but not the mx component of fitness • D) uh, I can’t remember because I’m getting old