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What factors influenced the Church Settlement of 1559-63? (C)

What factors influenced the Church Settlement of 1559-63? (C). Was Elizabeth wise to Create the Church Settlement she did? (A). Starter. Set personal Los from AO1 Brainstorm factors Liz’s personal beliefs (stand in spectrum). Main. Card sort along spectrum

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What factors influenced the Church Settlement of 1559-63? (C)

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  1. What factors influenced the Church Settlement of 1559-63? (C) Was Elizabeth wise to Create the Church Settlement she did? (A)

  2. Starter • Set personal Los from AO1 • Brainstorm factors • Liz’s personal beliefs (stand in spectrum)

  3. Main • Card sort along spectrum • Washing line for spectrum. Agree/disagree? • Importance? • Linkage?

  4. Main 2 • Write para – Prot, Cath • Conc for some

  5. Plenary • Peer marking to check progress • One under visualiser

  6. 1. The influence of the Church (Catholic Bishops & the clergy) • 12 bishoprics remained unfilled at the end of Mary’s reign • The Catholic bishops formed a depleted group. Bonner was detested and Heath and Tunstall were friendly with Elizabeth and did not wish to disrupt the Kingdom. • The clergy were solidly Catholic

  7. 2. The views of the English Population • Use your knowledge • The majority of the population were conservative. Catholicism remained in rural areas and in N and W, upheld by important noble families. • Protestantism was stronger in towns and in S and E, particularly amongst merchants, the gentry and the ‘new rich’ who had benefitted from the D of Mons. • Marian exiles had returned. They had been influenced by more radical Protestant views and expected key posts in the Church and Parliament. • Religious changes had caused rebellion and unrest in the reigns of her father and her siblings.

  8. 3. The Lutheran States • The Lutheran states were a valuable ally to Elizabeth. They would have been in favour of a moderately Protestant English Church and would have been repelled by anything more radical.

  9. 4. The Spanish Alliance • In the early months of her reign, Elizabeth was still at war with France and therefore dependent on the Spanish alliance. Philip toyed with the idea of marrying Elizabeth, so it would have been unwise to disillusion him too soon by forming an extreme Protestant Church. After the end of the war and the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis (’59), the Spanish factor became less important. • Nonetheless, Philip was very concerned that France and Scotland would invade England and put M,Q of S (now married to the Dauphin, Francis). This would cut off the Channel and links to the Spanish Netherlands for the Spanish. • The port of Antwerp, in the Spanish Netherlands, was vital for English trade.

  10. 5. The Pope • The pope had hinted at Elizabeth’s illegitimacy. If he excommunicated her, he technically released her subjects from obeying her. • The Pope could call on the Catholic powers in Europe to lead a religious crusade against England.

  11. 6. Elizabeth’s beliefs • See starter • Anglo-Catholic? • Dickens: ‘Elizabeth was an admirer but not a mental replica of her father’ • She did not want to ‘build windows into men’s souls’ • John Guy – Liz was a Protestant with conservative leanings (e.g.anti clerical marriage) • Haigh – moderate Protestant • AGR Smith – Liz was mainly a wily political operator.

  12. 7. The Council • Elizabeth excluded 15 out of 26 of Mary’s council. Although cautious and unwilling to exert much pressure on Elizabeth, the newcomers were still inclined towards moderate Protestantism. • Elizabeth appointed William Cecil, a Protestant, as her personal secretary.

  13. 8. France • The French were keen to see Elizabeth removed since they controlled a rival candidate to the English throne (Mary Stuart – now married to the future Francis II of France). By forming a fully-blown Protestant Church, the Pope might be persuaded by the French to support an invasion of England.

  14. 9. Elizabeth’s situation • ‘The Child of the Reformation’, Elizabeth was born the product of a divorce. • Elizabeth was perceived as illegitimate by ardent Catholics. • She believed that she was the rightful ruler of all England, including its church. • Elizabeth did not want to be associated with Mary’s legacy (burnings, Spanish marriage and the loss of Calais)

  15. 10. Parliament • According to the Historian, J.E. Neale, there was a group of vigorous, vocal and well-organized Protestant activists (The Puritan Choir) in the H of C. They were unopposed by a possible Catholic group. • The H of L, however, was largely Catholic. Would the peers wish to stand up against a new Monarch? • Read and annotate SHP p.155, the last paragraph of p.156 and p.157.

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