The Abolition and Women’s Rights Reform Movements

The Abolition and Women’s Rights Reform Movements American Studies I Honors & U.S. History I Honors Mr. Calella

Learning Goal • LEARNING GOAL: STUDENDTS WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINS OF THE ABOLITION AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS REFORM MOVEMENTS IN MID-1800S AMERICA. • Based upon what you read for homework, how well do you understand this Learning Goal?

Assessment (5-4-3-2-1) • Log on to m.socrative.com; room# 664674 • On a scale of 1 to 5 (A to E), rate your understanding of the learning goal • 1 (A)-Very shaky with the content • 2 (B)-Understand it, but may have trouble explaining it • 3 (C) -Understand it and can explain it • 4 (D)-Can use this information when analyzing similar events in history • 5 (E)-Can teach it

Discussion Questions • What are some modern-day issues upon which people are seeking reform? • For which cause or causes would you be willing to make sacrifices for? • What steps would you take to realize your goals?

The Abolitionist Movement

Background of the Abolition Movement • 1820s; reform movement to end evils of slavery • Economic Issue: Few people joined the movement early on because they felt it would take a major revolution to be rid of the institution • Why? Why was Southern economy so entrenched in slavery? Why couldn’t the South just start freeing slaves gradually? Would it be enough to please reformists? • Political Issue: Reformists who butted heads with Jacksonian Democrats in the 1830s became Whigs (party of intellectuals and reformists)

Quakers and Women • Quakers: Christian religious movement which came to America from England in 1600s to escape religious persecution • Big part of Abolition Movement-felt slavery was not sanctioned by the Bible (Southern counter-argument?) • Helped organize and operate the Underground R.R. • Women: many joined movement after being influenced by 2nd Great Awakening (Maria Stewart, Angelina and Sarah Grimke) • Many male abolitionists did not want women to join-WHY? • Being left out, women started the Women Rights Movement!

William Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd Garrison • Founded and edited The Liberator and established the New England Anti-Slavery Society • Operated “outside of the political system” • Burned copies of the Constitution in public! • Why do you think he called the Constitution a “pact with hell” and the Founding Fathers “hypocrites”? • Wanted immediate abolition & total equality for blacks; completely supported women’s participation in the cause • Very radical views even for abolitionists

David Walker

David Walker • Born a free man and later obtained an education • Wrote Appeal…to the Coloured Citizens of the World in 1829 • Urged slaves to revolt and fight for freedom • One of the most radical documents of movement • Utilized his used clothes store in Boston to smuggle copies of his Appeal to the South • South reacts by passing laws prohibiting abolition propaganda and forbidding slaves from becoming literate • Found dead outside of shop; probably poisoned

Fredrick Douglass

Fredrick Douglass • Former slave (learned to read/write); escaped to North • Began as a disciple of Garrison’s “outside of the political system” approach, but then takes on opposite approach in 1840s • Why do you think he did? • Founder and editor of The North Star • Great and intelligent man; fantastic public speaker • In a colorblind world, he would have had a shot at president

Women’s Rights Movement

Origins and Focus • Movement started by female abolitionists who were prevented from publically participating; felt compelled to start their own movement • Women wanted rights to own property and vote • How were women unequal to men during this time? Is there equality between the sexes today? Explain. • Sarah and Angelina Grimke: daughters of slave owners; became abolitionists then women’s rights activists • Sojourner Truth: escaped slave who gets freedom; abolitionist then women’s right (Ain’t I a Woman?)

Movement Catches On • Seneca Falls Convention: July 1848 women’s rights meeting in New York State • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott draft Declaration of Sentiments (like Walker’s Appeal, modeled on Declaration of Independence) • 1850s, movement catches on; Garrison joins and Susan B. Anthony joins later on • 1920, 19th Amendment finally passed

Teams for Jig-Saw Activity-2B 1. Georgian Women for Abolition (Appeal to Christian Women of the South) 2. NY Women’s Rights Assoc. (Declaration of Sentiments) • Brian • Jared T. • Amy • Alana • Jenna • Rina • Sanjuli • Sarah • Acheev • Nithya • Raghavi • Glorianna • Joely

Teams (continued-2B 3. Massachusetts Abolition Society (David Walker’s Appeal) 4. NJ Women’s Rights NOW! (Ain’t I a Woman) • Justin • Evan • Frank • Juliana • Nick • Chris • Katherine • Cole • Sam • Adam • Jared C. • Ally • Ellie

Teams for Jig-Saw Activity-1A 1. Georgian Women for Abolition (Appeal to Christian Women of the South) 2. NY Women’s Rights Assoc. (Declaration of Sentiments) • Jayson • Kaitlyn • Frankie • Casey • Aliyah • Anthony • Nick • Shawn • Holly • Alex M. • Marc • Charvonne

Teams (continued)-1A 3. Massachusetts Abolition Society (David Walker’s Appeal) 4. NJ Women’s Rights NOW! (Ain’t I a Woman) • Ashlyn • Brianna • Sharika • Sahithi • Irum • Amy • Megan • Andrew • Alex F. • Emily • Kavita • Shreya • Toni

Teams for Jig-Saw Activity-2A 1. Georgian Women for Abolition (Appeal to Christian Women of the South) 2. NY Women’s Rights Assoc. (Declaration of Sentiments) • Serena • Deanna • Jarod • Alexis • Nichole H. • Maddy • Abhi • Lauren • Theresa • Michele • Kayla • Amanda • Brianna • Prat

Teams (continued)-2A 3. Massachusetts Abolition Society (David Walker’s Appeal) 4. NJ Women’s Rights NOW! (Ain’t I a Woman) • Connor • Brooke • Abigayle • Mikayla • Nicolle K. • Mark • Nick • Matt • Danielle • Sabrina • Gabbie • John • Tory

The Abolition and Women’s Rights Reform Movements