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NATIONAL INDIGENOUS DRUG AND ALCOHOL CONFERENCE Alcohol and other Drug-Related Brain Injury

NATIONAL INDIGENOUS DRUG AND ALCOHOL CONFERENCE Alcohol and other Drug-Related Brain Injury Adelaide 16 June, 2010. Nick Rushworth Executive Officer Brain Injury Australia. “…peak of peaks”. ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY (ABI). any damage to the brain that occurs after birth. …causes?. stroke

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NATIONAL INDIGENOUS DRUG AND ALCOHOL CONFERENCE Alcohol and other Drug-Related Brain Injury

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  1. NATIONAL INDIGENOUS DRUG AND ALCOHOL CONFERENCE Alcohol and other Drug-Related Brain Injury Adelaide 16 June, 2010 Nick RushworthExecutive Officer Brain Injury Australia

  2. “…peak of peaks”

  3. ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY (ABI) any damage to the brain that occurs after birth

  4. …causes? stroke accident or trauma brain infection neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease etc.) oxygen loss (asthma, near- drowning etc.) alcohol or other drug abuse

  5. alcohol and other drug-related brain injury …alcohol marijuana/ cannabis petrol…

  6. PHYSICAL DISABILITY nerve damage poor balance and coordination fatigue loss of sense of taste or smell vision and hearing disturbance speech impairment

  7. COGNITIVE DISABILITY poor memory and concentration (2 in every 3) = reduced ability - to learn - to plan and - to solve problems

  8. “CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR” for 2 out of 3, the most disabling increased irritability poor impulse control verbal and physical aggression paranoia, psychosis

  9. alcohol-related brain injury 1 (“dose response”?) NHMRC guidelines (2009) – “2 standard” per day ≠ “risk drinking” National Drug Strategy Household Survey (2007) @ “long-term high risk” = 3.8% (men), 2.7% (women) National Drug Research Institute (2008) 44% of alcohol “consumed at levels that pose risk in the long-term”

  10. alcohol-related brain injury 2 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (2004-05 - consumption week prior to the survey) - 16% adults @ long-term /chronic, “risky / high risk” alcohol consumption (↑13% in 2001) [age-standardised] ATSI were 2X likely to drink at short-term risky/high risk levels at least once a week than non-ATSI

  11. alcohol-related brain injury 3 “2 million Australians at risk of permanent brain damage” Men @ 6 standard drinks per day (women @ 3 drinks) X 8-10 years = “high risk of brain damage”

  12. alcohol-related brain injury 4 cerebellar atrophy Wernicke's Encephalopathy Korsakoff's [Amnesic] Syndrome (Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome) hepatic encephalopathy

  13. cannabis/ marijuana[-related brain injury] 1 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, 2004-2005: - 43% reported “having tried” marijuana - 23% had “used it” in the last 12 months NT Select Committee on Substance Abuse: - survey mid-1980s “did not detect” use in Top End - 1999: 55% males, 13% females

  14. cannabis/ marijuana[-related brain injury] 2 2001 – 2002: 67% males = 2X non-ATSI NT population (NT rate = 1.7 times higher) “concern over cannabis use is lower than warranted…serious long-term effects of cannabis use will become more evident over time, as effects take hold in populations currently engaged in habitual, heavy use.”

  15. (“…lack of verifiable data…”) petrol-[related brain injury] 1 60 deaths in the NT 2006 : 600 in Central Desert region “sniffing regularly”, 120 “with permanent brain damage”

  16. petrol-[related brain injury] 2 (“…it is in the remote regions of the NT, SA and WA that petrol sniffing is found…”)? (National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2001-2002 : 4% in non-remote areas “had sniffed petrol” (4% had “used other inhalants”)?

  17. petrol-[related brain injury] 3 “…petrol sniffing has declined significantly in central Australia over the last two years.” sniffers in the APY lands: 178 people (2005) ↓70 people (2006) + “anecdotal reports indicated that petrol sniffing has been very limited or non-existent in the six months to August 2008“ Opal @ 70 communities [drug use] migration?

  18. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) results from external force applied to the head (ATSI = 3X) • motor vehicle accidents • assaults • falls

  19. ? “…excluding those in gaols and correctional institutions” = 40%-80% ? homeless = 10% - 30% ? “…personal response…. people may not have reported… because of the sensitive nature of the condition… lack of awareness…” over 500,000 Australians have an acquired brain injury ? “…except for those living in remote and sparsely settled parts…”

  20. “Cog State” Menzies School of Health Research) assessment/ screening tools? AUDIT: “not been validated for use with Indigenous clients” Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA)

  21. petrol? (Groote Eyland) “2 years abstinence…improvement in neurobehavioural performance…often normalised completely” recovery? alcohol? 25% - complete recovery 25% - significant recovery 25% - slight recovery 25% - no recovery

  22. www.braininjuryaustralia.org.au nick.rushworth@braininjuryaustralia.org.au 1800 BRAIN1

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