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The Muscular System

Discover fascinating facts about the muscular system, types of muscles, muscle contractions, nerve activation, muscle fatigue, and more. Explore how muscles work, their role, functions, and potential issues like strains and cramps. Learn about aerobic and anaerobic exercises and the impact of steroids.

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The Muscular System

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  1. The Muscular System

  2. Muscles Facts • Are there more muscles or bones? • Muscles (around 640) • Each lb of muscle burns 75-100 calories a day just by being

  3. Muscles Facts (cont.) • Approximately 40% of your body weight is muscle • Largest muscle = gluteus maximus

  4. Muscles Facts (cont.) • Smiling uses 17 muscles • Frowning uses 43 muscles

  5. The Role of Muscle • muscle tissue contracts (shortens) and causes movement

  6. Where are muscles? • attached to your skeleton(skeletal) • in your heart(cardiac) • in your stomach and intestines(smooth) • called the MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  7. Human Muscles

  8. Muscle Basics • Muscles are made of bundles of protein fibers

  9. Muscle Basics • The two main fibers are actin (thin protein) and myosin (thick protein)

  10. Muscle Basics • Remember: what moves muscles? • Motor neurons • Acetylcholine- a neurotransmitter released & moves across synapse and contracts muscle.

  11. Types of Muscle 1. Skeletal muscle • attached to bones of skeleton • Voluntary (we control them)  most of the meat we eat is this tissue

  12. Skeletal Muscle Continued: • Microscope: • Alternating light & dark bands • Striations • Many nuclei

  13. Types of Muscle (cont.) 2. Smooth muscle • Found in hollow structures: stomach, blood vessels & intestines • involuntary

  14. Smooth Muscle Cont’d: • Spindle-shaped • One nucleus • Not striated

  15. Types of Muscle (cont) 3. Cardiac muscle • found only in heart • not connected to bone • involuntary (we don’t control)

  16. Cardiac Muscle Cont’d: • Striated like skeletal muscle • One nucleus (may have 2) • Involuntary like smooth muscle

  17. Muscle Contractions • Muscles shorten (they contract) • They are connected to bones by tendons (achilles, forearm)

  18. Muscles Work in Pairs • When one muscle contracts, the opposite one must relax • quadriceps / hamstrings • biceps / triceps • tibialis / gastrocnemius

  19. Nerves Activate Muscles • Muscles contract when sent a signal from the nervous system • Signals may vary • more muscle cells/fibers result in more force generated

  20. Muscle Fatigue • Results from oxygen debt • Lactic acid builds up and muscle can’t contract effectively • Recovery period “flushes out” lactic acid and delivers oxygen

  21. MuscularSystem Problems • Strain: tearing of fibers • Cramp: not enough oxygen, overuse • Muscular Dystrophy: nerve messages to muscles are blocked

  22. Steroids • Increase rate of muscle growth • Stop bone growth • Side Effects: Heart attack, shriveled testes, etc.

  23. Exercise & Muscles • When muscles are not used the cells become smaller & weaker • Two main types of exercise: aerobic & anaerobic

  24. Aerobic Exercise • Oxygen used rapidly by muscles • Uses slow twitch muscle • Glucose broken down • Ex: swimming & jogging

  25. Anaerobic Exercise • High intensity • Uses fast twitch muscle • Glucose converted to lactic acid (muscle burn) • Ex: sprinting & weight lifting

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