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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Protein Synthesis. What: The production of proteins (long chains of amino acids). Protein Synthesis. Where: Starts in the nucleus, continues on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Protein Synthesis.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Protein Synthesis • What: The production of proteins (long chains of amino acids)

  3. Protein Synthesis • Where: Starts in the nucleus, continues on ribosomes in the cytoplasm

  4. Protein Synthesis • Why: Proteins are built according to instructions coded in DNA determine traits

  5. Protein Synthesis • How: Transcription and Translation

  6. Protein Synthesis • DNA does not leave the nucleus

  7. RNA The nucleic acid that plays key roles in the manufacturing of proteins Named for the 6-carbon sugar ribose Uracil replaces Thymine

  8. RNA vs. DNA RNA DNA Double Strand Deoxyribose A, C, G, T Stays in nucleus • Single Strand • Ribose Sugar • A, C, G, U • Leaves nucleus

  9. Three kinds of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm.

  10. Three kinds of RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Reads the mRNA. Helps form ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.

  11. Three kinds of RNA 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Brings amino acids to ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins.

  12. CODON • 3 nucleotide sequence on mRNA • ANTICODON: • 3 nucleotide sequence on tRNA complimentary to the mRNA

  13. 2 STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 1. Transcription • The process of transferring the genetic information from DNA to mRNA • Takes place in the nucleus

  14. 2 STAGES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 2. Translation • The process that decodes mRNA into a protein • Occurs in the cytoplasm on a ribosome

  15. TRANSCRIPTION • 1. RNA polymerase • Binds to a start signal • Unwinds the DNA • Adds Nucleotides • Uracil replaces thymine • 2. mRNA leaves the nucleus

  16. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT

  17. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  18. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  19. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  20. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  21. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  22. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  23. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  24. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  25. Practice • TAC GGA TCT AAT CCG CGC TCA TTC AGT • AUG CCU AGA UUA GGC GCG AGU AAG UCA

  26. Translation rRNA attaches to mRNA and reads it

  27. Translation Molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.

  28. Translation •  Bonds form between adjacent amino acids forming a polypeptide chain. • The chain of amino acids keeps growing until a stop codon is reached. 

  29. Translation

  30. Translation

  31. Translation

  32. Translation

  33. With few exceptions, most codes are the same in all organisms Ex GUC codes for valine in bacteria, in eagles, in plants…. CODONS

  34. Protein Synthesis *Think of the bases of DNA like letters…Letters form words…Words form sentences!*

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