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Changing Neighborhoods and the Census

Changing Neighborhoods and the Census. Grace York University of Michigan September 2002. Needs Assessment. Social Workers often use the Census, combined with observation and interviews, to assess their communities. Casual Observations. Restaurants Grocery stores Shopping Churches

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Changing Neighborhoods and the Census

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  1. Changing Neighborhoods and the Census Grace York University of Michigan September 2002

  2. Needs Assessment Social Workers often use the Census, combined with observation and interviews, to assess their communities

  3. Casual Observations • Restaurants • Grocery stores • Shopping • Churches • Shortcuts to avoid road repair

  4. Map of Casual Observations Will the Census prove or disprove?

  5. Outline of Presentation • Census Questionnaire • Census Geography • Reference Maps • Census Data • Thematic Mapping • Zip Code Correspondence Tables

  6. Changing Neighborhoods Bibliography http://www.lib.umich.edu/ govdocs/sw650.html

  7. Census History • Mandated by Constitution • Purpose: reapportionment of 435 seats in the House of Representatives • Questions vary since 1790

  8. 2000 Questionnaire 100% Questionnaire (Data Available Now) • Age • Sex • Race (Multiple) • Hispanic origin • Household relationship • Occupied v. vacant housing units • Owner v. renter occupied housing

  9. Questions You Can Answer with the Short Form Data • What is the age/race/sex composition of Washtenaw County? • Which geographic areas have a large proportion of single-mother families? • Is the Mexican population of Michigan concentrated in Wayne County or more agricultural areas?

  10. Race Groups in 2000 • White • Black or African-American • American Indian or Alaskan Native • Asian • Hawaiian or Pacific Islander • Other

  11. Individual Races • Some files break the 6 racial groups into 250 specific categories • Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis • Israelis and Arabs are considered as white (Afghanis, Iranians, Saudis) • List appears at: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/ sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf

  12. Hispanic Not considered a race Can be Hispanic and any race Breakdowns in some tables • Cuban • Puerto Rican • Mexican • Spanish • Various Latin American Countries

  13. New Race Category in 2000 Respondents could choose up to SIX racial backgrounds Typical mixed race is 2-3% of population Race data not necessarily comparable with previous censuses

  14. Household Relationships Relationship to Householder • Spouse • Child • Stepchild • Grandchild • Brother/Sister • Parent • Non-relative • Unmarried partner is separate category

  15. Group Quarters • College dorms • Prisons • Mental hospitals • Shelters for abused spouses • Military barracks • Nursing homes

  16. 2000 Sample Questionnaire • Marital status, housing value and rent • Grandparents as caregivers (new) • Ancestry • Language • Country of origin • School enrollment and educational attainment (and dropouts)

  17. 2000 Sample Questionnaire • Employment • Industry and occupation • Transportation to and place of work • Disability and mental illness • Veteran status • Income and poverty

  18. Sample Data Schedule • Sample data being published by state, August 6 – September 30, 2000 • Michigan was released on September 10 • Demographic profiles for U.S., states,counties and places in the interim • PDF for entire country • http://censtats.census.gov/pub/Profiles.shtml

  19. Importance of Two Surveys • Larger the area, the more data • Smaller the area, the less data • Sample may be inaccurate at block or block group level • Protection of privacy • 100% data generally to block level • Extreme detail to tract level • Some sample data to block group level • Half of tables only to tract level

  20. Census Geography Legal Areas • Nation • State • Counties • Cities • Townships • Congressional Districts • School Districts

  21. Census Geography Census-Designated Areas • Metropolitan Statistical Area • Urbanized Area • Census Tract • Block Group • Block • Zip Code Tabulation Area

  22. Census Geography Map

  23. Urban Areas • Urbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+ • Urban Cluster = Densely settled area, • 2500-50,000; can be outside metro area South Central Michigan has a surprising number of urban clusters

  24. Metropolitan Statistical Area • Central city of 50,000 or more • Its own county, and • Surrounding counties with • heavy commuting patterns

  25. Metropolitan Area Definitions • Metropolitan Statistical Area - stand-alone metro area • Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area - metro area which is component of larger metropolitan area • Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area - two or more contiguous metropolitan areas

  26. Detroit Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area 1990 Lapeer Livingston Detroit PMSA Macomb Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw 2000 Lapeer Macomb Detroit PMSA Monroe Oakland St. Clair Wayne Lenawee Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston Washtenaw Flint PMSA Genesee

  27. MSA Definitions This is very complicated Just consult the definitions when you need them http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html

  28. Census Tracts • Areas of about 4000 people • Approximate neighborhoods

  29. Ann Arbor Tract

  30. Block Group Two – eight block groups per tract All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2 Smallest area for sample data

  31. Blocks All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers Some 100% data but no sample data

  32. Locating Census Maps • American Factfinder • http://factfinder.census.gov/ • Census Bureau Web Site (PDF) • http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/ • Documents Center Paper Copies • Tract maps for Michigan • Block maps for Wayne and Washtenaw • Arcview GIS Program in Map Library

  33. Technical Documentation • Geographic and subject definitions • Lists of tables and individual components in tables • Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation, group quarters, Hispanic, industry, language, country) • Original questionnaire • http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf1td.html • http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td.html

  34. Census Data Formats FTP • Transfer all data for all geographies in a county and manipulate with SAS or SPSS http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/ http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/ American Factfinder http://factfinder.census.gov/ • Prepared profiles • Data extraction to a spreadsheet, • Reference and thematic maps

  35. Census Data Formats Census Bureau CDs/DVDs Quicker than American Factfinder for extracting very large data sets Geolytics CD-ROMS • Thematic mapping for all variables and created variables; for 1980, 1990, and 2000 • Maps can be imported into more sophisticated programs

  36. Initial Factfinder Screen http://factfinder.census.gov/

  37. Basic Facts http://factfinder.census.gov/ Brief profiles and geographic comparisons for U.S., states, counties, and places

  38. Basic Facts http://factfinder.census.gov/ Choose Population, Social, Economic, or Housing Table for 2000 or various tables for 1990

  39. Basic Facts http://factfinder.census.gov/ Choose Geography Follow pop-up menus, which change with each selection Only states for which full sample data has been released have sample quick tables

  40. Printing and Downloading Use button for downloading data to a spreadsheet Browser downloading yields HTML format

  41. Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ Until all of the sample files (SF3) are released, you will find more demographic profiles in the side link

  42. Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ All areas are searchable; there are comparison tables, an FTP site, and technical documentation

  43. Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ Choose the U.S. or a state and search by keyword

  44. Demographic Profile Alternatives http://factfinder.census.gov/ A search of Oakland in Michigan provides links to the county and all township profiles (but not places)

  45. Michigan Profile Spreadsheets http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/demoprof.html Permit you to compare place and county data with the state and United States

  46. Michigan Profile Spreadsheets http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/demoprof.html Disabled population in Alcona County has low employment rate compared to state and U.S.

  47. Profile Spreadsheets Outside Michigan • FTP data from Census Bureau http://www2.census.gov/census_2000/datasets/100_and_sample_profile/ • You are welcome to copy the Documents Center’s column headers on your own spreadsheet. http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/demoprof.html

  48. NWMCOG’s 1990/2000 Comparisons ftp://www.nwm.cog.mi.us/2000CensusProfiles/ Northwest Michigan Council of Government profiles compares same Michigan data with 1990; notice Oakland County’s change in ancestries reported

  49. 1990/2000 Comparisons Outside Michigan • Access the separate 1990 and 2000 profiles from the Census Bureau at: http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2002/dp_comptables.html • Combine spreadsheets manually.

  50. Geographic Area • If you know the geographic area or proceed directly toDATA SETS or Profiles • If you need to determine the geographic area, go toREFERENCE MAPS

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