K-2 Teachers

1. K-2 Teachers December 10, 2013 Joy Donlin & Ryan Dunn

2. Agenda • Welcome and introductions • Problem solving strategies in an elementary classroom • Exploring a fixed versus growth mindset • Investigating effective assessment practices • Looking at student work • Designing a lesson

3. Outcomes • Participants will explore open ended problems and the use of problem solving strategies. • Participants will focus on effective feedback and assessment practices. • Participants will apply their knowledge and understanding to develop a lesson.

4. Problem Solving Strategies • Trial and Error/ Guess and Check • Look for a Pattern • Make a Model • Draw a Picture • Make a Table • Write a number Sentence • Work Backwards • Solve a simpler (related) problem

5. Sample Task My friend has 10 goldfish. He wants to put them into two bowls. How many different ways can my friend put the goldfish into two bowls?

6. Tomorrow’s Lesson Design an open ended warm-up. • What problem solving strategies could students use? • What key questions could you ask to deepen the thinking in the classroom? • Record it on half sheet of paper • Prepare to share

7. Line Up • Line up according to a pre-established criteria. • Can be used to make small groups (fold the line, count off by 4's, etc.) • Promote communication and maximize student-to-student discourse.

8. Fixed vs Growth Mindset At your table, construct a Venn Diagram that compares a Fixed Mindset to a Growth Mindset.

9. Fixed vsGrowth Mindset • Fixed Mindset – you have the qualities you were born with and they are fixed in stone • So if you have to work hard, then you’re not smart enough. • Growth Mindset – you can develop qualities through effort and experience over time • Challenges are fun and exciting.

10. Building a Growth Mindset • Hear a fixed mindset voice and recognize it as self-defeating. • Respond to it with a growth mindset voice and a growth mindset action.

11. Listen for a fixed mindset voice “Are you sure you can do it?” “We went over that yesterday. Weren’t you listening?” “This work/problem will be so easy. ” “I don’t know what to do.” “Is my answer right?” How we help students interpret challenges, failures, and feedback or criticism is achoice.

12. Growth Mindset Voice “I’m not sure that I can do it but I can learn with time and effort. I can’t do this YET.” “Many successful people have had failures along the way and still do.” “If I don’t try, then I automatically fail.” Take on challenge wholeheartedly Learn from setbacks/mistakes and try again Hear the criticism and act on it

13. Feedback to avoid “You did that so quickly. You are really smart!” “This is easier for you than for other people. I’m really proud of you.” “You are a natural at this.”

14. Praise to give…effective feedback “You put in a lot of work on that. You used several strategies before you found one that worked. That’s great!” “I like how you took that challenge and tackled it.” “After working hard in this unit, look at the progress you’ve made.”

15. 3 Levels of Feedback Task Level • Provides correction, clarification, cues, correct or incorrect information etc Process Level • direct attention to the processes to accomplish the task • provide students with different cognitive processes/strategies • point to directions that the students could pursue Self-regulation Level • be motivational so that students invest more effort or skill in the task • enable restructuring understandings Hattie and Timperley 2007

16. Value Wrong Answers My Favorite No Consider: • How does the teachers select her example? • How does this strategy contribute to a growth mindset? • How does this use strategy provide for re-teaching?

17. Create a Culture of Risk Taking • Provide for productive challenge and struggle • Praise students on their process, not on results/success - Choices, effort, persistence, resilience, grit… • It’s not about how quickly you get there • What is something that you struggled with • but now your are great at it? How did you get there?

18. Lesson 2.NBT.6. Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations.

19. The picture shows islands (the stars) connected by bridges. To cross a bridge, you must pay a toll in coins. Develop a plan to work out the cheapest route between the islands.

20. “The introduction on the formal algorithm is often based on the fear that without learning the same methods that all of us grew up with, student will somehow be disadvantaged” Van de Walle & Lovin, 2006

21. Invented Strategies Benefits of Invented Strategies: • Base-ten concepts are enhanced • Students make fewer errors • Less re-teaching is required • Invented strategies provide the basis for mental computation • Flexible, invented strategies are often faster than the traditional algorithm • Invented strategies serve students at least as well on standardized tests

22. Taking It Back As the grade level/band teacher leader at your school– • Fixed/Growth Mindset Discuss with Principal: Who? What? When? Where? How?

23. Break

24. Arithmagons… Last session we explored arithmagons. Some of the patterns we noticed were: • The numbers in the circles were also consecutive • The circle opposite the even number was always half of that number

25. Arithmagons… Do these patterns still apply?

26. Assessment The Task: Take a few minutes to individually reflect on assessment in your classroom and jot down as many examples as you can think of. Use one post it for each assessment

27. Assessment The three overarching types of assessment are: • Assessment OF learning – occurs when teachers use evidence of student learning to make judgments on student achievement against goals and standards • Assessment FOR learning (formative) – occurs when teachers use inferences about student progress to inform their teaching and provide feedback to students to inform their learning – while it is still going on. • Assessment AS learning – occurs when students reflect on and monitor their progress to inform their future learning goals

28. Assessment • Is there an assessment type that is predominant in our practice? • Is there an assessment type you would consider to be under represented? Overrepresented?

29. Assessment – Why? What? When? • Summative - Assessment OF learning - determining the degree to which a student has mastered an extended body of content at a concluding point in a sequence of learning.

30. Assessment – Why?, What?, When? • Formative – Assessment FOR learning: - emphasizes a teacher’s use of information to do instructional planning that can effectively and efficiently move students ahead – includes pre- assessment - useful in understanding and addressing students’ interests and approaches to learning - rarely graded - provides opportunity for meaningful feedback that helps students understand areas of proficiency and areas that need additional attention which is more useful than grading because students are still practicing and refining their competencies

31. Assessment – Why? What? When? “Students taught by teachers developing the use of assessment for learning outscored comparable students in the same schools by approximately 0.3 standard deviations, both on teachers produced and external state-mandated tests. Since one year’s growth as measured in the TIMSS is 0.36 standards deviations, the effects of the intervention [formative assessment] can be seen to almost double the rate of student learning. Dylan Wiliam,2007, 2011

32. “Recent reviews of more than 4000 research investigations show clearly that when the [formative assessment] process is well implemented in the classroom, it can essentially double the speed of student learning producing large gains in students’ achievement, and at the same time, it is sufficiently robust so different teachers can use it in diverse ways and still get great results with their students.” James Popham, 2011

33. Assessment – Why?, What?, When? • Assessment AS instruction: - ensuring that assessment is a key part of teaching and learning - assisting students in self-analysis and becoming more aware of their own growth relative to learning targets

34. Assessment • Of learning • For learning • As learning Which type(s) of assessment have the greatest potential to increase student achievement? Why?

35. Strategies for Effective Formative Assessment… Text Based Protocol: • What information was most compelling from the article? • Which elements of formative assessment, if any, are habitual in your work? • Which elements of formative assessment do you still have to be deliberate and intentional about? • In the conclusion it states, “the support of colleagues is essential”. How can we support colleagues with this transition?

36. CCSSM Instructional Shifts • Focus • Coherence • Procedural Skill/Fluency • Conceptual Understanding • Application with equal intensity Rigor

37. Standards For Mathematical Practice • Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. • Reason abstractly and quantitatively. • Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. • Model with mathematics. • Use appropriate tools strategically. • Attend to precision. • Look for and make us of structure. • Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.

38. SBAC Math Assessment Claims • “Students can solve a range of complex well-posed problems in pure and applied mathematics, making productive use of knowledge and problem-solving strategies.”

39. Next Generation Assessment • Mathematics Preliminary Summative Assessment Blueprint - Target Sampling Grade 3 • Claim Column – Assessment Targets • DOK Column – Hess Cognitive Rigor Matrix • What do you notice? Wonder?

40. Examining Student Work Work with a partner to: - Provide feedback that moves learning forward by forcing students to engage cognitively with their work.

41. Current Thinking and Surfacing Gaps… • The Gap – is there evidence of a gap between the student’s performance and the learning goal? • Current thinking - What did the instructional task reveal about student thinking? Where in the work did you see insights into student thinking? How are they making sense of ideas, organizing thoughts, and reasoning?

42. Developing Good Questions There are 3 main features to developing good questions: • They require more than remembering a fact or reproducing a skill. • Students learn by answering the questions, and the teacher learns about each student from the attempt. • There may be several acceptable answers. Sullivan & Lillburn 1997

43. Opening the question… Working in a group of 2 or 3 • Select a chapter test or quiz from your text • Choose 3 items to revise 3. Display 1 of the items on chart paper - Show original item - Show revised item 4. Gallery Walk with Praise/Question/Polish

44. Taking It Back As the grade level/band teacher leader at your school– • Fixed/Growth Mindset • Changes in Assessment/Implications for lesson design/instructional practice Discuss with Principal: Who? What? When? Where? How?

45. LUNCH

46. Warm Up – Tooth Fairy The Tooth Fairy left me 25 cents. What are some of the coin combinations she could have left me?

47. Collegial Sharing - Wikispace

48. Backward Lesson Design Process • Select an upcoming lesson from text resource • Unpack the standard(s) • Develop/create a common assessment • Identify key checkpoints for understanding • Select rich task and create 3-5 high quality questions • Record on chart paper • Gallery Walk – Praise/Question/Polish

49. Taking It Back As the grade level/band teacher leader at your school– • Fixed/Growth Mindset • Changes in Assessment/Implications for lesson design/instructional practice • Backward Lesson Design Process Discuss with Principal: Who? What? When? Where? How?

50. “An assessment functions formatively to the extent that evidence about student achievement is elicited, interpreted, and used by teachers, learners, or their peers to make decision about the next steps in instruction that are likely to be better, or better founded, than the decisions they would have made in the absence of that evidence.” Dylan Wiliam 2011