Research – the good, the bad & the ugly

1. Research – the good, the bad & the ugly Chapter 2.1

2. Types of Research • Naturalistic observation • Case study • Survey • Longitudinal study • Cross-sectional study • Correlations and Explanations • Experiment

3. Naturalistic Observation • Watching subjects in their natural environment • Record only observable behaviors • Key: Do not be obvious

4. Survey • Interviews • Questionnaires

5. Longitudinal Studies • Studying the same group for several years • Determining whether behavior and/or feeilngs have changes

6. Cross-Sectional Studies • Organize individuals into groups based on age • Groups are randomly samples • Members are surveyed, tested, or observed

7. Correlations & Explanations • Observe people or animals • Record observations in a descriptive study • Correlation – how two sets of data relate to each other • Positive correlation – both items increase or decrease together • Negative correlation – as one item increases, the other item decreases • No correlation – both items are unrelated

8. Positive Correlation

9. Negative Correlation

10. No Correlation

11. Experiment • A test done on a group to determine something that is unknown • All experiments have: • Hypothesis • Variables • Experimental group • Control group

12. Types of Research • Naturalistic observation • Case study • Survey • Longitudinal study • Cross-sectional study • Correlations and Explanations • Experiment

13. samples • A small group from a total population

14. Types of samples • Random sample – each individual has an equal chance of being in the sample • Stratified sample – all subgroups are equally represented in the sample