Installing and Upgrading Windows

1. Installing and Upgrading Windows Chapter 14

2. Overview • In this chapter, you will learn how to • Identify and implement pre-installation tasks • Install and upgrade Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista • Troubleshoot installation problems • Identify and implement post-installation tasks • Explain the structures created during the installation process

3. Installing and Upgrading Accomplished in three main steps Step one: Prepare for installation Step two: Install Step three: Perform post-installation tasks

4. Preparing for Installation or Upgrade Identify hardware requirements Verify hardware and software compatibility Decide: Clean install or upgrade? Back up data Select an installation method Identify partition and file systems to use Determine computer’s network role Decide on language and locale settings Plan for post-installation tasks

5. Identify Hardware Requirements Core Resources • CPU • RAM • Free hard disk space Miscellaneous • Video adapter • Display • Storage devices

6. Verify Compatibility • Hardware and software • Use the Windows Logo’d Products List (a.k.a., the Hardware Compatibility List )

7. Clean Install or Upgrade • Clean install • Usually done on empty hard disk • All applications must be installed • Upgrade • New OS installs on top of the old one • Many previous settings and capabilities retained • Applications don’t need to be reinstalled • Multiboot • Doing a clean install side by side with another OS • Enables you to boot to more than one OS

8. Other Installation Methods • When deploying many computers, automated methods used • Image—complete copy of OS and applications • Norton Ghost • Clonezilla • Acronis’ True Image • Remote Installation Services (RIS)

9. Determine How to Back Up Data • If data saved to central server, skip this step • If data exists on local drive, back it up • Back up to network server, DVD, USB, hard drive, etc. • Will need to restore data from this location after upgrade or reinstall

10. Select an Installation Method • Two basic choices • Optical disc (CompTIA A+ focus) • Boot from CD or DVD and start installation • Over the network • More for CompTIA Network+ techs and network administrators

11. Determine Partition and File System • Partition • Create when drive first created (or use third-party tools to repartition) • If multiboot, use one partition for each OS • File system • Use NTFS whenever possible—security features are valuable • If older OSs need FAT or FAT32, use FAT or FAT32 for their partition

12. Miscellaneous • Network role • Standalone, workgroup, or domain (see Chapter 23) • Environment determines choice • Language and locale settings • Languages and displays can be configured for different countries • Plan for post-installation tasks • Internet access? • Discs from manufacturers? • Access to backed up data?

13. Installing and Upgrading Insert disc and product key, accept EULA Windows 2000 hardware requirements Windows XP issues Upgrade paths Hardware requirements Compatibility Upgrade Advisor Registration vs. activation Windows Vista issues Upgrade paths Hardware requirements Compatibility

14. Component Minimum Recommended CPU Pentium 133 MHz Pentium II 350 MHz Memory 64 MB 128 MB Hard Disk 2 GB with 650 MB free 6.4 GB with 2 GB free Network None Modern NIC Display VGA resolution SVGA resolution Optical Not required unless installing from CD Not required unless installing from CD Install or Upgrade to Windows 2000 Professional • Hardware Requirements

15. Install or Upgrade to Windows XP Professional • Upgrade paths Windows 98 Windows Me Windows XP Pro Windows NT 4.0SP5 or later Windows 2000 Pro(including SPs) Windows XP Home

16. Component Minimum Recommended CPU Intel or AMD 233 MHz Intel or AMD 300 MHz Memory 64 MB 256 MB Hard Disk 1.5 GB available hard drive space 4 GB available hard drive space Network None Modern NIC Display DirectX version 8800 × 600 resolution DirectX version 8800 × 600 resolution Optical Any CD or DVD drive Any CD or DVD drive Install or Upgrade to Windows XP Professional (continued) • Hardware Requirements

17. Hardware and Software Compatibility with XP • Upgrade Advisor • First process that runs from setup.exe • Provides list of devices and software known to have issues with XP • Can be run by itself • From Microsoft’s Web site • Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly • See sidebar on p. 473 for detailed instructions • On the installation CD or can be downloaded for free

18. Windows XP Installation • Bootable CD-ROM boots into Setup • May need to set boot order in BIOS • Registration—optional • Activation • Mandatory within 30 days • Antipiracy mechanism • System disabled after 30 days if not activated • Via Internet or phone

19. Windows Vista Installation Upgrade paths = complicated See chart on p. 475 Windows 2000 to Vista requires clean installation Windows XP variables Version of XP Version of Vista Must start the upgrade process from within the older operating system

20. Windows Vista Installation Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor: www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-vista/get/upgrade-advisor.aspx

21. For Upgrades, Follow These Pre-Upgrade Steps Check compatibility at Windows Logo’d Product List or through Upgrade Advisor Back up data and configuration files Perform “spring cleaning” Perform disk scan and defragmentation Uncompress all files, folders, and partitions Perform virus scan and disable or remove virus-checking software Disable CMOS virus checking Be prepared to do clean install

22. Windows 2000/XP Clean Install • Steps same for both • Start by booting to CD-ROM • Text mode • Can partition drive in this mode • Choose file system (usually NTFS)

23. Windows 2000/XP Clean Install (continued) • Graphical mode • Enter product key • Good idea to write this on the CD

24. Windows 2000/XP Clean Install (continued) • Configure computer name and administrator password • Network settings

25. Windows Vista Clean Install Fully graphical Boot to DVD Enter product key before anything else Product key determines the version installed Leave blank and you’ll install trial

26. Windows Vista Clean Install (continued) Follow the screens EULA Upgrade or clean installation Select Custom (advanced) for more options

27. Windows Vista Clean Install (continued) Create/select partition Load drivers for HDD if needed F6 and have disc ready Then the big copy Usually a fairly quick process Faster than the XP installation process

28. Windows Vista Clean Install (continued) User customization follows the big copy Choose user name and password Select profile picture Choose desktop background Manage Automatic Updates Adjust time anddate settings

29. Windows Vista Clean Install (continued) If connected to a network, you’ll be prompted to set security levels Selecting Home or Work makes your computer discoverable Selecting Public Location stops discovery

30. Windows Vista Clean Install (continued)

31. Lab – Installing Vista Insert Vista DVD Reboot the computer Boot to the installation DVD You might need to make changes in CMOS to boot to the optical drive first Follow the setup wizard Do not put in a product key Install Windows Vista Ultimate Insert a user name Skip the performance test

32. Automating the Install • Scripted installation for Windows 2000/XP • Setup Manager can be downloaded • Creates answer files for multiple versions of Windows • Fully automated or partially automated • Can add list of names or let Setup Manager generate

33. Automating the Install (continued) Automated Installation Kit (AIK) in Windows Vista Complicated tool because can create very customized Master Installation files Master Installation and other tools enable you to create images Can then put those images on network or removable media Well beyond CompTIA A+

34. Automating the Install (continued) • Disk cloning • Exact copy of drive with fully installed and configured OS • Works great with standardized systems • Sysprep • Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on a computer • Can help create a automated installation that requires select user input

35. Troubleshooting Installation Problems

36. Text Mode Errors • No boot device • Either start up disc is bad, or CMOS not set to boot off optical drive first • Windows Setup requires XXXX amount of available drive space • Check formatting and/or space of C: drive • Not ready error on optical drive • Check the CD-ROM drive and disc • BSoD • Probably due to hardware incompatibility • Check the Microsoft Knowledge Base

37. Graphical Mode Errors • Hardware detection errors • Could be hardware incompatibility • If noncritical hardware, find and install correct drivers • Can’t read CAB files • Check the CD-ROM for scratches • Try copying i386 files onto hard drive • Replace the optical disc

38. Lockups During Install • Smart recovery, repair install • Unplug system and restart • Will automatically start where it left off • Optical drive, hard drive • Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive • Log files—track progress of install • Setuplog.txt • Setupapi.log - Hardware / Drivers

39. Lockups During Install (continued) • SETUPLOG.TXT • Tracks the complete installation process • Logs success or failures of file copying, registry updates, reboots, etc. • SETUPAPI.LOG • Tracks the hardware installed • Uses PnP codes, so not too easy to read

40. Post-Installation Tasks Apply fixes for the OS Patches fix specific problems Service packs are collections of patches Upgrade drivers Restore user data files Windows Backup (Windows 2000/XP) Backup and Restore Center (Windows Vista/7) Copy files and folders manually Migrate data and retire the old computer

41. Migrating and Retiring Files and Settings Transfer Wizard (FSTW) for Windows XP Run the utility on new computer Create the Wizard Disk Run the Wizard Disk on old computer Can select files and folders to migrate Doesn’t do program files, just data

42. Migrating and Retiring (continued) Files and Settings Transfer Wizard (FSTW) for Windows XP Transfer files via network or removable media

43. Migrating and Retiring (continued) User State Migration Tool (USMT) Functions similarly to the FSTW Requires a Windows domain More of a business or enterprise tool Useful for migrating many users

44. Migrating and Retiring (continued) Windows Easy Transfer Upgraded FSTW for Windows Vista/7 Functions similarly to the FSTW Adds security for network transfer Can use a special Easy Transfer cable to migrate via USB

45. Migration Practices What do you do with the old drive? Follow these principles Migrate in a secure environment Remove data remnants from drive Recycle old equipment, don’t trash it

46. Migration Practices (continued) Migrate in a secure environment Until passwords protect new system, don’t bring it online Don’t walk away from the migration if in nonsecure space

47. Migration Practices (continued) Remove data remnants Formatting won’t do it Partitioning won’t do it Use high-caliber wiping tool like Window Washer Good enough for common use, not government use

48. Migration Practices (continued) Recycle Computers and peripherals contain hazardous materials Don’t dump in trash Find recycling service Donate old gear

49. Post-Installation Installation creates Windows-specific folders needed by the OS Easy way to memorize is to learn the purpose of each file and folder Windows 2000/XP structures Windows Vista/7 structures Each group of OSes differs a little

50. Windows 2000/XP Boot Process in Brief • After POST, BIOS looks for valid OS in the boot sector • MBR points to system files • System files (NTLDR, BOOT.INI, NTDETECT.COM) start the PC and point to boot files • NTOSKRNL loads device drivers and starts loading the OS files • GUI starts to load