The Furnace of the Civil War 1861-1865

1. The Furnace of the Civil War 1861-1865 My paramount objective in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery Lincoln 1862

2. American public is naïve about the war Abe has army enlist for ninety days A short war?

3. Abe wants to send Union troops to Manassas Junction (Bull Run) Union ill prepared, but people want action Hoped to have big win to kill momentum of rebellion Naïve about war- people literally bring picnic baskets and family to the battle grounds Bull Run Ends the “Ninety Day War”

4. Northern loss. But South doesn’t have enough troops to advance forward. North lost- 3,000 South lost- 2,000 North is humiliated. (but realizes it has to take war seriously) South now feels they can win the war. Whole country begins to realize the Civil War is going to be a long bloody battle. Bull Run Ends the “Ninety Day War”

5. George B. McClellan- west point grad, known as “Little Napoleon” takes command of Union Army Perfectionists Never wanted to fight, felt army wasn’t prepared enough, or south out numbered him “If General McClellan isn't going to use his army, I'd like to borrow it for a time.” Abe Tardy George

6. Water approach to Richmond , 100,000 troops Battle of Yorktown – takes a month due to Confederate trickery* Abe sends reinforcements to chase Stonewall Jackson, rather than help GBM Peninsula Campaign

7. Robert E. Lee counter attack Seven Day’s Battle 1862 Lee stops Union March Union abandoned Peninsula Campaign Union goes to total war Peninsula Campaign

8. 1. Suffocate the south through blockade 2. Liberate slaves to undermine south’s economy 3.Cut confederacy in half by getting Miss. River. 4.Rip up south in SC and Georgia 5.Capture Richmond 6. (Grant’s idea) head on competition, grind the other into submission Total War

9. 1. Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott At first weak, but gets stronger as the war progresses The War at Sea

10. Blockade runners get rich transporting supplies, if they live South’s two best chances to beat the blockade Merrimack Monitor Each are iron clad ships The War at Sea

11. Confederates win at 2nd Bull Run Lee goes into Maryland Victory here would earn legitimacy (allies) Convince border states to join 2nd Bull Run

12. Abe reinstates (due to public demand) GBM North will find Robert E. Lee’s war plans at an abandoned camp. Bloodiest day in American history. Roughly 25,000 Americans wounded Northern “Victory” GBM doesn’t chase confederate army Pivotal Point- Antietam

13. Europe impressed by N. power, won’t support south Finally a large N. victory Allows Abe to issue the emancipation proclamation 1862 Pivotal Point- Antietam

14. Emancipation proclamation- “frees” slaves in the south Does not end slavery in border states loyal to the Union. 0 slaves are freed Why did Lincoln do this? Emancipation Proclamation

15. Frees 0 slaves, because Confederacy has their own government. E of P is a political move Most of Europe (Britain) has outlawed slavery, thus cannot support the pro slavery Confederacy Encourages black of the north to join war effort Slaves in the south now encouraged to join Union Army War went from preserving the union, to a moral crusade against slavery Emancipation Proclamation

16. Not all of the N. supports it Democrats gain influence and power in mid term elections The 13th amendment ends slavery, not the EofP Emancipation Proclamation

17. Blacks always in US navy Now, despite protests, can join army 180,000 (10% of enlistment) in the North Underpaid, denied advances, under supplied Blacks In the North

18. Why fight? Prove manhood Advances towards earning citizenship When captured, south treats them like revolting slaves Fort Pillow Massacre Blacks In the North

19. Month before end of war, Confederates allow blacks to enlist Before hand slaves either served as assistances in battle, or kept farm running “Homeguards” confederate soldiers who stayed home to prevent slave rebellions Blacks in the South

20. Ambrose Burnside replaces GBM Crappy leader, foolish assault at Fredericksburg North gets slaughtered Called “Burnside’s Slaughter Pen” More Battles

21. Joseph E. Hooker takes control of Union Army Battle of Chancellorsville 5 day battle Shooting creates a forest fire. At night a confederate soldier will accidentally shoot Stonewall Jackson, which will result in his death. Confederate victory, but death of Stonewall will be a huge moral killer. More Battles

22. Lee, hopes to ride momentum and gain foreign help Union general George Meade Each side experiences roughly 23,000 deaths and casualties. Bloodiest battle in American History Picket’s charge South’s will is broken Battle of Gettysburg 1863

23. 4 months later Abraham Lincoln delivers Gettysburg address- urging the union to stay together. Not major impact at the time Now one of most famous speeches in US history Gettysburg Address

24. Ulysses Grant= Union commander Captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson (N. Tenn.) Impact 1. Establishes “ unconditional surrender” Opens gateway to Tenn. And Georgia The War out West

25. Battle of Shiloh- Northern victory, but war in west will be costly Grant get labeled butcher and Drunk The War out West

26. Battle of Vicksburg N. victory Two days after Gettysburg huge momentum for N. Surrounds and traps city for 2 months. The union now has full control of the Mississippi River. The War Out West

27. Grant moved to the East William T. Sherman Total war to Georgia known as Sherman’s march Sherman’s “blue bellies” life off the land, and destroy what they do not use Psychological Warfare Sherman Scorches Georgia

28. Sherman Scorches Georgia

29. Major Confederate desertions after “Shermanizing” the area Field Order 15- 40 Acres and a Mule Issued by Sherman, will be revoked by Andrew Johnson Sherman Scorches Georgia

30. Problems within the Rep. Party Congressional Committee on the Conduct of War- lead by Sec. of Treasury Salmon Chase Resented Abe’s expansion of presidential powers during war Politics of War

31. Democrat split War democrats support Abe Copperheads= democrats against Abe- fight against war anyway possible Call Abe “Illinois Ape” who is fighting the “Nigger War” Politics of War

32. Reps join War Democrats to force Union Party Abe’s running mate = Andrew Johnson, from Tenn. Had slaves at beginning of war- done to appease border states The Election of 1864

33. Democrats select “Little Mac”- George B. McClellan The Election of 1864

34. Northern victories inspire faith in Abe Allows soldiers to vote “Bayonet vote” helps age secure victory The Election of 1864

35. Grant, great at logistics, willing to fight regardless of lives lost Wilderness Campaign Grant does some crazy battles, seen as suicidal ( Cold Harbor) Blood and guts fighting, “Grant the Butcher” Grant Outlasts Lee

36. 1865 Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse Abe tours Richmond after the battle Newly freed slaves call him “ Father Abraham” Grant Outlasts Lee

37. 5 days after surrender At Ford’s Theater Assassination by John Wilkes Booth Part of a much larger plot to unravel the federal government The South Lost their best postwar friend

38. Whole nation is saddened Most in south want peace North now angry again at the south Abe planned on healing the Union’s wounds, his death just made the wound larger Results of Abe’s Death

39. 700,000 dead Roughly 15 billion dollars in damage ( not including pensions) Pro- democratic experiment survived the war of brothers Price of War