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Drawing pins

7. Drawing pins. Michal Hled ík. 7. Drawing pins. A drawing pin (thumbtack) floating on the surface of water near another floating object is subject to an attractive force. Investigate and explain the phenomenon. Is it possible to achieve a repulsive force by a similar mechanism ?.

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Drawing pins

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  1. 7. Drawing pins Michal Hledík

  2. 7. Drawing pins A drawing pin (thumbtack) floating on the surface of water near another floating object is subject to an attractive force. Investigate and explain the phenomenon.Is it possible to achieve a repulsive force by a similar mechanism?

  3. Video of attracting • +picture of pins

  4. Content • Deformation of water surface • Attraction of pins • Mechanism • Calculating the motion • Theory vs. experiments • Repulsion of objects • Mechanism • Attracting/repelling boundary

  5. 1. Deformationof water surface

  6. Forces analysis Gravity Buoyant force Surface tension Force equilibrium

  7. Force equilibrium Eq. (1) Only unknown quantities

  8. Water displacement Absent water – compensated by surface tension Pressure – hydrostatic

  9. Water displacement Resulting function: ` ` ` ` Dominic Vella,L. Mahadevan,The ‘‘Cheerios effect,’’(2005)

  10. Finding contact angle Eq. (1): Predicted angle:

  11. Contact angle measurement Distant light source Analyzing size of shade of the pin Pin on water

  12. Measuring the contact angle Applying Snell’s law, fitting contact angle (size of the shade) Contact angle:

  13. Shape of water surface [mm] [mm]

  14. 2. Attraction of pins

  15. Why are they attracting? 2 pins on water – inclined to each other Mass of a pin > mass of water displaced Potential energy of water and pin – decreases as pin descends

  16. Determining the acceleration Horizontal motion: β

  17. Slope of one pin Given by the deformation of water surface by the other pin Our approximation:

  18. Drag force Assuming …position Video analysis and fit

  19. Fitting the drag coefficient Distance passedx [m] Time[s]

  20. Acceleration  distance in time Dependence of acceleration on distance and velocity Numerical solution

  21. Attracting – experiment

  22. Theory vs. experiment Distance of the pins [mm] Time[s]

  23. 3. Repelling objects

  24. Repulsive force Object wetted by water  acts downwards  object floats up

  25. Repelling objects Plastic caps from pins – float upwards Behavior depends on weight There is a critical mass – does not repel or attract

  26. Both caps wetted by water

  27. + A little weight on the yellow cap

  28. Empty cap and a cap with a weight Distance between the caps [cm] 0,204g 0,162g Greater mass  stronger repulsion 0,062g 0,041g 0,027g Time[s]

  29. Conclusion We explained the mechanism of • floating, attraction, repulsion Determined the deformation of water surface Described the motion quantitatively • theory correlates with experiments Found the border between attraction/repulsion Thank you for your attention

  30. Appendices 7. Drawing pins

  31. Drawing pin “dipole” – attracts different objects on different sides

  32. Water displacement • Boundary conditions: • Solution: ` Dominic Vella,L. Mahadevan,The ‘‘Cheerios effect,’’(2005)

  33. Critical mass • Water is not deformed • Surface tension resultant force = 0

  34. Critical mass • Pin caps – bent edges • Mass theoretically: • Depth: • Mass experimentally:

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