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Chapter 6 Groups and Organizations

Chapter 6 Groups and Organizations. Key Terms. Group Two or more individuals who interact with one another, share goals and norms and have a subjective awareness as “we”. Dyad Group consisting of two people. Triad Group consisting of three people.

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Chapter 6 Groups and Organizations

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  1. Chapter 6 Groups and Organizations Key Terms

  2. GroupTwo or more individuals who interact with one another, share goals and norms and have a subjective awareness as “we”. • DyadGroup consisting of two people.

  3. TriadGroup consisting of three people. • Triadic segregationThe tendency for triads to segregate into a coalition of the dyad against the isolate.

  4. GroupsizeeffectsEffects of group number on group behavior. • Primary groupsGroups consisting of intimate, face-to-face interaction and relatively long-lasting relationships.

  5. Secondary groupsGroups with large membership, less intimate, and less long lasting. • Expressive needsIntimacy, companionships and emotional support, provided by primary groups.

  6. Instrumental needsNeeds that are task oriented. • Reference groupsServe as a standard for evaluating values, attitudes, and behaviors.

  7. AttributiontheoryIndividuals generate a distorted perception of the motives and capabilities of other people's acts based on whether the person is an in-group or an out-group member. • Social networkA set of links between individuals or between other social units. Networks based on race, class, and gender form with particular readiness, especially job networks.

  8. GroupthinkThe tendency for group members to reach a consensus opinion, even if that decision is downright stupid. • Risky shiftThe tendency for groups to weigh risk differently than individuals.

  9. Formal organizationA large secondary group, highly organized to accomplish a complex task or tasks and to achieve goals in an efficient manner. • Normative organizationsVoluntary organizations, such as clubs, political parties and advocacy organizations.

  10. Coercive organizationsCharacterized by membership that is largely involuntary. (prisons, mental hospitals) • Total institutionAn organization cut off from the rest of society in which individuals who reside there are subject to strict social control. 

  11. Utilitarian organizationsLarge organizations that are joined by individuals for specific purposes, such as monetary reward. • BureaucracyA type of formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality.

  12. Voluntary organizationsInclude organizations such as the PTA, political parties, religious organizations, the NAACP, B’Nai Brith, LaRaza, and other organizations that are concerned with specific issues. Total institutionAn organization cut off from the rest of society where individuals who reside there are subject to strict social control.

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