Liquid Fuel Depletion

1. Liquid Fuel Depletion Atmospheric Carbon Loading Hawaii’s Problem Tropical Agriculture

4. Cheap Oil Cheap Coal Expensive Oil *uranium* Expensive Coal LNG EROEI ca 5:1 Wood Everything Else

5. Liquid Fuel Depletion Climate Change Tropical Agriculture

8. Every 10 days in China, a new coal-fired power plant opens that is large enough to serve the city of Dallas, Texas • The increase in greenhouse gases from China’s coal use will exceed that of all industrialized countries COMBINED

9. This is how your PV panels are made We externalize the impact of our demands

10. Liquid Fuel Depletion Climate Change Tropical Agriculture

11. 25% of US oil consumption goes to agriculture (NOT including packaging, refrigeration, and trucking)

14. Locally Grown Energy Carbon Sequestration A Better Burn Sustainable Soil Amendment

15. CCRTWeeds = Fuel CCRTTraditional Hawaiian Values/Practices = Guidebook

16. A Better Burn • Gasification = ENERGY + char (carbon) • Pyrolysis = energy + CHAR (carbon)

26. Locally Grown Energy Carbon Sequestration Better Burn Sustainable Soil Amendment

27. Rothampstead Data • 100 year fallow following agriculture • Soil carbon increased 300% • 30 tons per acre

28. Biochar lasts longer in soil Lehmann et al., 2006, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, in press

29. Carbon sequestration in soil Lehmann et al., 2006, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, in press

30. Locally Grown Energy Carbon Sequestration Better Burn Sustainable Soil Amendment

31. Amazonian Dark Earth • Highly fertile compared to parent material • Up to 70% of C is black C Adjacent soil ADE Photos by J. Major

32. Increases Soil Surface Area 1 gram of charcoal = 400 square meters 1 ton of charcoal = 400,000 acres

33. Nutrient RETENTION • Decreased nutrient leaching NH4+ biochar Lehmann et al. 2003, Plant and Soil 249: 343-357

36. Locally Grown Energy Carbon Sequestration UH Biochar Project Sustainable Soil Amendment

37. ProblemHolapu ke ahi,Koe iho ka lehuThe fire blazed up,Then only ashes were leftAfter a blaze of anger (greed),The ashes of remorse are leftWe are combustion junkies

38. GoalHo`oponoponoCorrect the imbalanceMake it right1. Reduce atmospheric CO2 levels by sequestering carbon in the form of biochar in soil2. Become self reliant again for energy use and food production

39. ObjectiveKuleanaAssume responsibility1. Burn local biomass for energy and carbon sequestration2. Improve agricultural sustainability by biochar carbon sequestration

40. Strategy • Give people the knowledge and tools to be responsible • Identify and demonstrate the use of non-native vegetation as fuel/carbon source • Test and demonstrate small-scale gasification units that use local feedstock as fuel source • Develop and test small-scale pyrolysis units that use local feedstock as fuel/carbon source • Test biochar produced from different local feedstock • Test biochar application rates for improved agricultural productivity • Develop demonstration sites for integrated biomass harvesting, utilization, carbon sequestration, and biochar agriculture • Promote the use if these techniques through research, demonstration, extension, and partnership with private enterprise

41. Outcomes • Recognition by government, business and the public, that non-native vegetation is the only responsible fuel we have and that it must be intelligently but fully utilized • Local production of responsible biomass combustion technology • An annual doubling rate of increase in the use of small-scale biomass combustion (> 2000 by 2020 in Hawaii) • Elimination of concept of greenwaste by diverting all to responsible combustion • An annual doubling rate of increase in the sequestration of carbon through biochar emendation of agricultural soil (500 acres at minimum of 10 tons/acre in Hawaii by 2020)