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Solutions: Towards Sustainable ICT Supply Chains Greening the ICT reverse supply chain

Solutions: Towards Sustainable ICT Supply Chains Greening the ICT reverse supply chain. Dr. Mathias Schluep, Empa ITU Green Standards Week, 18 September 2012, Paris / France. Main objectives. Distribution & Consumption. Collection. Pre-Processing. End-Processing. Disposal. Access.

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Solutions: Towards Sustainable ICT Supply Chains Greening the ICT reverse supply chain

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  1. Solutions: Towards Sustainable ICT Supply Chains Greening the ICT reverse supply chain Dr. Mathias Schluep, Empa ITU Green Standards Week, 18 September 2012, Paris / France

  2. Main objectives Distribution & Consumption Collection Pre-Processing End-Processing Disposal Access 100% recovery of resources/ segregation of hazardous waste Safe

  3. Main actors Distribution & Consumption Collection Pre-Processing End-Processing Disposal Global Industry Official dumpsites Institutional & corporate consumer Distributors& retailersof new EEE Communal collection Formal recycling industry Second-handindustry Distributors& retailers of used EEE Donations Informal sector Private consumer Informal collectors / scrap dealers Informalrecycling Refurbishers & Repairers Informal dumping & burning

  4. Unwanted processes (examples) Distribution & Consumption Collection Pre-Processing End-Processing Disposal Global Industry Import of e-waste andnear end oflife EEE Official dumpsites Institutional & corporate consumer Distributors& retailersof new EEE Secondaryresourcesare not recovered Communal collection Formal recycling industry 4 Consumer dumps e-waste withhouseholdwaste Second-handindustry Underharmfulconditions 1 Distributors& retailers of used EEE Emissionstotheenvironment Donations Informalsector Private consumer Informal collectors / scrap dealers Informalrecycling Refurbishers & Repairers Informal dumping & burning 3 2 5

  5. Intervention mechanisms Distribution & Consumption Collection Pre-Processing End-Processing Disposal Marketing & Awareness Global Industry Official dumpsites Institutional & corporate consumer Distributors& retailersof new EEE Communal collection Formal recycling industry Second-handindustry Distributors& retailers of used EEE Donations Informal sector Private consumer Informal collectors / scrap dealers Informalrecycling Refurbishers & Repairers Informal dumping & burning Policy & Legislation Business & Finance Technology & Skills Monitoring and Control

  6. Policy & Legislation • Developing a legal framework … • … in synergy with existing policies and legal frameworks, especially related to environment, general waste management, as well as health and safety • … to ensure that all actors will play under the same rules, in order to avoid ‘’cherry picking’’ (level playing field) • … by defining appropriate roles and responsibilities

  7. Policy & Legislation • but free of charge! • return it to a retailer, manufacturer / importer or to a collection point Obligation to return Consumer • appliances they normally stock, manufacture or import • retailers may return it to manufacturer or importer • dispose of via own or existing PRO's system Obligation to take back Retailer/Manufacturer/Importer Obligation to dispose of • license granted by cantonal authorities • control by PRO and cantonal authorities Guarantee best disposal Recycler • export permit granted by Federal Office of the Environment (FOEN) proof legal disposal Exporter Example: Swiss WEEE legislation (ORDEE)

  8. Business & Finance • Establishing an institutional framework and a financing scheme … • … (e.g.) under the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), where producers and importers should be given an appropriate role to manage the waste generated out of their products • … to ensure that the right market incentives lead to high collection and material recovery rates. • … to ensure that recycling is a sustainable business, also under unfavorable economic conditions • … by providing an additional flexible income stream (in addition to revenues through sold secondary materials) enabled through a financing scheme

  9. Business & Finance • The dependency on global commodity prices has to be interpreted as a relevant risk for the business’ profitability

  10. Technology & Skills • developing a qualified and efficient e-waste recycling sector … • … with careful consideration of the socio-economic conditions (e.g. low labor costs) and the possible roles of informal collection and dismantling before establishing a parallel system in competition to these structures • … to ensure an efficient and effective recycling chain with high value for people and the environment • … by identifying downstream processes for hazardous and valuable fractions , including interlinking the local recyclers to international recycling companies and networks, for developing market outlets for their pre-processed e-waste fractions

  11. Technology & SkillsMaterial recoveryefficiency • The material recovery efficiency of the entire recycling chain depends on the efficiency of each step and on how well the interfaces between these interdependent steps are managed Distribution & Consumption Collection Pre-Processing End-Processing Disposal

  12. Technology & SkillsExamplegoldrecovery • Informal sector Bangalore • State of the art smelter • only  20% gets recovered • > 60% loss due to the manual dismantling process • > 50 % loss due to the wet-chemical leaching process • Emissions are dramatic: up to 400x European thresholds • Recovery rate of up to 95% • Plus other metal, e.g. palladium, silver, copper etc, • High – tech off-gas control and treatment system

  13. Technology & SkillsBET / BEP referencedocuments • Some reference documents for best available technologies (BAT) and best environmental practices (BEP)

  14. Monitoring & Control ensuring a continuous improvement and maintaining compliance of the e-waste sector … • … by implementing monitoring and control mechanisms which favour high standard operations and allow businesses to grow in a level playing field

  15. Conclusion • Greeningthe ICT reversesupplychainrequiresto: • … understandthemainobjectivesof e-waste recycling • … knowwhothemainactorsare in thereversesupplychain • … definewhatinterventionmechanismsareneededfor • developing a legal framework • establishing an institutional framework and a financing scheme • developing a qualified and efficient e-waste recycling sector • ensuring a continuous improvement and maintaining compliance of the e-waste sector

  16. Thank you! • Dr. Mathias SchluepEmpaLerchenfeldstrasse 59014 St.Gallen • SWITZERLANDmathias.schluep@empa.ch • Technology & Society Lab:www.empa.ch/tsl • Swiss e-Wast Programme:www.ewasteguide.info • Swiss e-Waste Competencewww.e-waste.ch GeSI & StEP E-waste Academy

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