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The Exalted Trinity. Appeals to the Reader. Aristotle. Aristotle was one of the first to discover that effective speakers use three kinds of appeals to make their arguments convincing.
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The Exalted Trinity Appeals to the Reader
Aristotle • Aristotle was one of the first to discover that effective speakers use three kinds of appeals to make their arguments convincing. • These appeals are used to convince the audience to agree with your argument or to convince them to do something.
Logos: The Mind • Use of logical reasoning and appropriate evidence which includes statistics and other types of data, expert testimony and illustrative examples. • This appeal is associated with the mind and the elements of thought in debate.
Ethos: The Soul • Focus on the character. • Communicates to readers your credibility, intelligence, knowledge, fairness and even altruism and concern for others. • Present yourself as knowledgeable about your subject matter. • Acknowledge other points of view and deal fairly with them. • Provide appropriate credible information in the form of facts , statistics or quotes from authorities in the field .
Pathos: the Heart • An appeal to readers’ emotions . • Identify who is or will be affected positively or negatively with the course of action you propose. Help your reader to identify with them . • Show how the course of action has affected people elsewhere. • Arouse indignation over a current situation by showing how it is at odds with a community’ values or concerns.
The Three Appeals: • Most arguments combine the three appeals because different readers respond to different approaches.
The Three Appeals: • The appeals may be connected to the communication process as well as to the heart, mind and soul. • The Writer (Ethos) • The Reader (Pathos) • The Message ( Logos)