Arab-Israeli conflict The pursuit of self-determination and Justice

1. Arab-Israeli conflict The pursuit of self-determination and Justice

3. Zionism and the Jewish state Grew in response to anti-semitism in the early 20th century. In 1896 Theodore Herzl outlined the need for a safe haven for the Jews in his work Der Judenstaat. In 1897 Herzl organized the first Zionist Congress which adopted a declaration that "The aim of Zionism is to create for the Jewish people a home in Palestine." Theodore Herzl

4. Palestine during WW1 TE Lawrence

5. The Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

6. The Sykes-Picot Agreement Secret agreement between the United Kingdom and France for the division of the Middle east after the defeat of the Ottoman empire. Signed May 1916. English: The Sykes-Picot (-Sazonov) agreement, 1916.    French occupation. Dark blue   British occupation. Red   Russian occupation. Green   Zone "A", French protectorate. Light Blue   Zone "B", British protectorate. Pink    International zones. Purple

7. The Balfour Declaration In November 1917, AJ Balfour the British Foreign Secretary wrote a letter to the chairman of the British Zionists, Lord Rothschild. In the letter he outlined for the support of Palestine as a national homeland for the Jewish people.

8. November 2nd, 1917 Dear Lord Rothschild, I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet. "His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation. Yours sincerely, Arthur James Balfour

9. The British Mandate

10. Resistance to the British Mandate Arab In 1935 Al Qassam started to preach resistance against the British. In November of 1935 he was killed and became a martyr for Arab Nationalism. From 1936-1939 Arab revolted against the british Mandate. The British government suppressed the revolt and Palestinian leadership and organization were hindered. Izz Al-din al Qassam

11. Resistance to the British Mandate Jewish Jewish resistance was lead by Haganah and Irgun during the inter war years. Haganah: An underground Jewish group created in 1920, Haganah became a country wide organization that involved young adults. The name means "defence" in Hebrew. Irgun: An extreme Jewish organization founded in 1931 after a split with Haganah. Irgun advocated armed Jewish insurrection against British rule and war against Palestinian Arabs. The name means 'national military organization'.

12. British response to resistance: In July 1937, a Royal commision was sent to investigate the disturbances in plaestine. The Peel Report recommended that Palestine be partitioned into two separate states one Arab and one Jewish. The report also recommended that an Arab state be merged with Trans Jordan and a restriction placed on Jewish immigration. The report was rejected by the Arabs and caused a escalation of the Arab revolt.

13. British response to resistance (cont): In May 1939 the British government issued a White Paper, which proposed the creation of a single state in Palestine within ten years. The white paper was rejected by both Arabs and Jews. Arabs wanted immediate independence and a restriction to Jewish immigration, while Jews felt that their promises made in the Balfour Declaration had been violated.

14. Propossed partition of Palestine

15. Why is Jewish immigration important?

16. Palestine and World War 2 During the second world war the Jews provided support to the British under the leadership of David Ben Gurion. Gurion was the leader of the political organization Jewish Agency and the first prime minister of Israel. Arab leadership was divided based upon region. The leadership which fled after the uprising of 1939 found themselves allied with enemies of Britian. The Mufti of Jerusalem, Al-Husseini allied himself with Hitler against the Jews.

17. After the war After the war the Jewish people were in a stronger position in Palestine due to the general outpouring of pro-Jewish feelings around the world. The Arab position was hampered by their leaders actions during the war. After the war Britian increasingly wanted to surrender its mandate to the United Nations. British authorities started to crack down on Zionist extremists and by June 1946 had arrested hundreds of Zionists.

18. King David Hotel The hotel opened in 1931 and became the headquarters for the British Mandate government in 1938. After the crackdown of June 1946 the United resistance, made up of Haganah, Lehi, and Irgun planned to bomb the hotel. The bombing was planned for July 22 at 11am. This was to ensure that civilians would not be harmed. Irgun and the current Israeli government maintain that Irgun called the British at 12:15 to warn of the bombing so that they could evacuate. The British did not evacuate and 92 people were killed in the blast wounding dozens more. Gurion and the Jewish Agency would condemn the attack calling Irgun enemies of the Jewish people.

19. The move towards Partition Beginning in 1947 Britian began to give their mandate to the United Nations. In May 1947 the UN established UNSCOP to tour the Palestinian mandate collecting evidence from both sides and present to the UN by september. UNSCOP was made up of eleven neutral delegates. The Arabs refused to co-operate with the commision because they felt it was weighted against them. The Jewish population fully co-operated. The commission recommended that the creation of two states with Jerusalem having and international mandate. The Arabs opposed this because of the disparity between the two populations. On November 29 the United Nations voted on the partition with 33 for, 13 against, and ten abstained.

20. Terms for the lesson: Self-Determination: determination by the people of a territorial unit of their own future political status. Zionism: The movement to create a national home for the Jews in Palestine. Mandate: An authorization granted by the league of nations to a member nation to govern the former German or Turkish Colonies, such as the British Mandate in Palestine in 1920. The Skyes-Picot Agreement:Secret agreement between the United Kingdom and France for the division of the Middle East after the defeat of the Ottoman empire. Balfour Declaration: A resolution named after the British Foreign Secretary in 1917 calling for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Wailing Wall: a part of the outer wall of the sacred Jewish temple in Jerusalem, destroyed by the Romans in AD 70. It also forms the base of the Dome of the rock. Haganah: An underground Jewish group created in 1920, Haganah became a country wide organization that involved young adults. The name means "defence" in Hebrew. Irgun: An extreme Jewish organization founded in 1931 after a split with Haganah. Irgun advocated armed Jewish insurrection against British rule and war against Palestinian Arabs. The name means 'national military organization'. Peel Report: Named after the leader of the British Commission which met in 1937 and whose report recommended partition in Palestine. Jewish Agency: A political organization established after the First World War to aid Jewish immigration into Palestine. Lehi: Also known after its founder Abraham Stern as the Stern Gang, Lehi was a radical armed Zionist group dedicated to the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. United Resistance: was the united group of Haganah, Irgun, and Lehi. UNSCOP: United Nations special Committee on Palestine.