Settling the Thirteen Colonies

1. Settling the Thirteen Colonies Georgia & New Hampshire

2. Establishing Georgia • In February 1733, James Oglethorpe, a British general and member of Parliament founded the colony of Georgia. • He along with 35 other families sailed from England to America on a ship known as the Ann. They settled in present day Savannah, Georgia. • Georgia was named in honor of King George II of England, who had granted the charter for the land between Savannah and the Altamaha Rivers. • It was the last of the thirteen colonies to be founded.

3. Establishing New Hampshire • In 1623, New Hampshire was included in a grant of land by the Council of New England to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason. • Gorges took control of the central portion of the land naming it Maine, while Mason took over the western area which he named New Hampshire in honour of his home country England. • Mason attempted to set up a fishing colony in New Hampshire and set out with Thomas and Edward Hilton along with David Thomson to establish the settlements. • In 1679 King Charles II of England granted New Hampshire a royal charter entitling it to a separate political entity.

4. Purpose of the Colonies Georgia • To give the less fortunate and ex-prisoners the opportunity to start anew. • To offer refuge to persecuted Protestants of Europe. • To build a military barrier between the Spanish Florida and both North and South Carolina. New Hampshire • The intention when founding New Hampshire had always been to develop a commercial venture. • The primary interest was fishing, but soon enough both the timber and fur trades became important segments for the economy of the land.

5. Government • New Hampshire continued a part of Massachusetts until 1679, when King Charles II initially separated them. He joined them again in 1686; but they were finally separated in 1691, and New Hampshire again became a royal province. The president and council were appointed by the Crown and the assembly elected by the people. Until 1741, however, the governor was but a lieutenant under the supervision of the governor of Massachusetts. • Georgia was the only colony of the thirteen that received financial aid by a vote of Parliament - the only one in which the British government took a part of . The settlers were to have their land free of rent for ten years, but they could take no part in the government. The trustees made all the laws; but this arrangement was not intended to be permanent; at the close of the proprietary period the colony was to pass to the control of the Crown. Until this occurred, James Oglethorpe remained the colony’s governor.

6. Major Industries • The colonists hoped to make silk Georgia's chief product, because the colony's plentiful mulberry trees were a food staple of the silkworm. The venture failed, and rice, indigo, lumber and fur became Georgia's primary exports. • New Hampshire’s major industries were agriculture (potatoes, fishing), manufacturing(textiles, shipbuilding), and the fur trade.

7. Other Facts • New Hampshire was originally named North Virginia by John Smith, but King James shortly changed its name to New England. • New Hampshire once belonged to Massachusetts. • The Spanish attempted to claim the land of Georgia as their own which caused many disputes between the two colonies- The Spanish intended to expel Oglethorpe whose colony had only increased in size by the arrival of many immigrants. Fortunately Oglethorpe and his men were able to defend their land ultimately defeating the Spaniards. • 1/7 of all men in New Hampshire were fishermen. • In Georgia, Oglethorpe extended freedom of religion to all Christians expect to Catholics. At the time Catholicism was unpopular in England and Oglethorpe worried about the influence of Catholic Spaniards in Florida. • Oglethorpe banned slavery and alcohol during his reign as the colony’s governor.