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Find Articles. Fourth Generation Design For Federated Searching at the University of Rochester Brenda Reeb, Usability David Lindahl, Digital Initiatives. Agenda. Serial Failure Metasearch User Centered Design Process Culture and Politics Generations of Design Technology. Serial Failure.

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  1. Find Articles Fourth Generation Design For Federated Searching at the University of Rochester Brenda Reeb, Usability David Lindahl, Digital Initiatives

  2. Agenda • Serial Failure • Metasearch • User Centered Design Process • Culture and Politics • Generations of Design • Technology

  3. Serial Failure • Students cannot find articles • Students overwhelmed with database names, contents, and search protocols • Students insist on search simplicity • Eliminate the complexity of information retrieval • Technologies exist to make it simpler • Politics exist to make it complex

  4. Serial Failure Design Responses • Don’t make undergraduates choose anything before searching • Don’t expect users to read anything before searching • Forgiving search box tolerates single words, multiple words, Boolean, “ “ phrases. • Assume relevance ranking

  5. Serial Failure “Serial Failure” The Charleston ADVISOR, Vol. 5., no. 3, 2004. Jennifer Bowen, Judi Briden, Vicki Burns, David Lindahl, Brenda Reeb, Melinda Stowe, Stanley Wilder.

  6. Metasearch What is metasearch? • Federated Search • Single user interface to multiple databases • Simultaneous searching across resources • Merged results Metasearch technology: • Metasearch product with UI • Connectors • OpenURL Linking

  7. User Centered Design Process Design iterations Test results Usability group Key tasks Test results Design group Prototypes Issue-Responses Content group

  8. User Centered Design Process Group User Focus Highest No other goal than to represent the user. Usability group Design group Medium Competes with standards, technology, time and money Content group Medium Competes with exhaustive content, complex tasks

  9. User Centered Design Process Artifacts of design process • “Issue response” document • Usability results • Key task list • Regular meetings (design = usability) • Project specific meetings (usability=content and content=design)

  10. Design Group • Reorganized in 2001 • Lives in the Digital Initiatives Unit • ¼ FT UI designer (MS, Computer Science) • 1 FTE graphic designer (BA, Graphic Design) • 1 FTE developer • Manages issue/response process

  11. Design Group Perspective on Site Design • “Hide the technology” • Consistency across library website • Task-oriented pathways • Usability testing program Perspective on Page Design • Essential components • Prioritize • Simplify • Style guidelines

  12. “Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.” Ron Mace http://www.section508.gov/ http://webstyleguide.com/ http://usability.gov/guidelines/ http://www.library.rochester.edu/index.cfm?PAGE=623 Design Group Style Guidelines • Universal Design • Section 508 • Web Style Guide • Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines • Page Editors’ Checklist

  13. Design Group User pathways Knowledge of databases Databases A-Z Partial knowledge Databases by Subject No knowledge needed Mapping your search to a subject takes you away from your natural path Find Articles Clusters (courses) Google

  14. Design Group Models For Finding: Google • Enter keywords • Browse results by title and snippet • View full text

  15. Design Group Models For Finding: FRBR FRBR User Tasks • Find • Identify • Select • Acquire FRBR = Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records More information: http://www.ifla.org

  16. Design Group Encompass UI • Enter keywords and select databases • Select databases or “SHOW ALL” • Select a result • View metadata • Select a full text source • View full text online

  17. Design Group Encompass UI • Enter keywords and select databases • Select databases or “SHOW ALL” • Select a result • View metadata • Select a full text source • View full text online

  18. Design Group Find Articles UI • Enter keywords • Select a result • View full text online Generation 3

  19. Design Group Mapping the Find Articles UI to FRBR (Gather) Full Text Select Article Search • FRBR Tasks: • Find • Identify • Select • Acquire Generation 3

  20. Content Group • Multiple content groups, one for each project • Any number of members (1-?) • Every department participates - cataloging, circulation, reference, etc. • Created and disbanded as needed • Observe some tests

  21. Content Group Content group activities: • Define key tasks • Select appropriate content • Apply experience and education to the iterative design process • Observe some tests • Interpret usability results • Raise issues, not design solutions

  22. Content Group What is a key task? Key tasks are defined as frequently asked items, frequent actions or navigation to parent/child pages. Example key tasks: • Find a known article. • Find a known journal. • Find an article on a specific topic. • Find articles on a multidisciplinary topic. • Find a specific journal collection.

  23. Content Group Find Articles Content Group • Collect issues • Categorize • Technology issues (website, SFX, ILL, Databases OPAC) • Building, shelving & organizational Issues • Subscription issues • Citation problems • Basic research help • Librarians • Create scenarios • Address issues

  24. Usability Group Usability Program • Began 2001 • 7 staff trained as usability testers • Over 20 projects, large and small • Testers volunteer for projects • Reading, conferences, practice • Vendor co-development

  25. Usability Group Usability team activities: • Manage key task process • Design and conduct tests • Maintain a “lab” • Communicate results to staff and public

  26. Usability Group Manage key task process

  27. Usability Group Manage key task process

  28. Usability Group Design and conduct tests • Mental model test • Heuristic test • Card sort test • Assessment test (Click path) • Scenario test

  29. Usability Group Picture of our lab

  30. Usability Group Communicate results

  31. Students say: “I need an article!” Librarians say: “Select a database” “This database has 435 journals in it.” “These journals are peer reviewed.” “Choose basic or advanced.” “These journals predate the Civil War.” Culture and Politics

  32. Culture and Politics Student culture • Connect at courses, not at academic disciplines • Meet them where they are • Students attend POL250 – “Conflict in Democracies” • They do not relate to Political Science. • They do not envision themselves as political scientists. • Sustainability • Distributed workload (all bibliographers participate) • Dynamic, database-driven pages

  33. Culture and Politics Expect these accusations! • Simple designs dumb down the site • Testing 3 users is not enough • “I have to wonder if usability testing - especially for money - proves very useful input” • No one told me about this • Where is your report? • This is so subjective!

  34. Culture and Politics Try these responses: • Inform • Page design process document • Don’t leave home without the toolkit • Neilson’s Alert Boxes • Pages from Don’t Make Me Think • Engage • Observe tests • Publish results

  35. Generations of Design Generation 0

  36. Generations of Design Generation 1

  37. Generations of Design Generation 2

  38. Generations of Design Generation 2

  39. Generations of Design Generation 3

  40. Generations of Design Generation 3

  41. Generations of Design Generation 4 • Find • Subject clusters Course clusters • Catalog (CUIPID + Web Services) • Identify and Select • Relevance Sorting (Evolving Metasearch) • Metadata (Abstracts on selection screen) • Results navigation • Obtain • Direct to full text (via shared knowledge base) • Holdings information / maps (integration with catalog)

  42. Generations of Design Generation 4 • Subject Clusters • Pre-selected databases • Search boxes anywhere • Course Pages • Connects undergrads to library resources • Top-5 resource • Usability success • Course Clusters

  43. Technology Meta-search Technology and Standards • Find • Z39.50 • SRW/SRU and CQL (NISO MetaSearch Init.) • XML Gateway • Identify/Select • OAI • Obtain • OpenURL • SFX, LinkFinder, Serial Solutions

  44. Technology Meta-search Issues • Speed and Reliability • Connectors • Index vs. Meta-search • Ease of use • Database selection • Abstracts on selection screen • Full text availability • One click to full text • Quality of results • How search terms are applied • Database selection • Relevance sorted results and de-duping

  45. Technology ERAServer Subscription Database Library Web Server XML XML XSLT XSLT Page with Full Text HTML HTML User (Gather) Full Text Select Article Search

  46. Questions? Fourth Generation Design For Federated Searching at the University of Rochester Brenda Reeb, Usability David Lindahl, Digital Initiatives

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