Expectations of Industry in Education of Physics Requirements and Opportunities

1. Expectations of Industry in Education of Physics Requirements and Opportunities DR. HORST SOBOLL ROMA - March 30, 2010 Chair EER University La Sapienza

2. Educated in physics - working in industry Which are the key issues today in industry ? What does business expect especially from physicists ? What is recommended for higher education in physics ?

3. Education If you plan for a year, sow a seed If you plan for a decade, plant a tree If you plan for a century, educate the people. Chuang Tzu (Third Century, B.C.)

4. Physics at University of Giessen Dipl. Phys. 1969 Dr. rer. nat. 1973 Wilhelm Hanle Arthur Scharmann

5. CONTROL DATA ( 1973 - 1989 ) System Analyst Programming computer systems Consultant Computer systems and networks District Manager Software and consulting Manager Data Services Applications software Manager Software support Engineering applications Manager Marketing Supercomputer Chemical Applications

6. Research and Technology ( 1989 – 2004 ) • 1989 Manager Strategic Projects • Information and Communication Technology • 1992 Manager • Strategy Information Technology • 1995 Director • Technology Policy • 2002 Director • Research Policy and Communications

7. Activities / Memberships 1994 - 1996 Chairman European Research Cooperation for Automotive Industry (AIT) 1999 - 2002 Member Advisory Group of the European Commission ( Sustainable Mobility) 1999 - 2004 Member of the Research Committee of German Industry Association (BDI) 2000 - 2006 Chair of Research,Technology and Innovation Working Group within UNICE now BusinessEurope 2000 - 2006 Member Advisory Board of the German Physical Society ( DPG ) 2001 - 2005 VicePresident - since 2000 as Board Member - European Industrial Research and Management Association (EIRMA) 2006 - 2007 Chair EURAB - since 2001 as ViceChair - European Research Advisory Board of the European Commission 2003 - Member of Board " Foundation of German Rectors Conference" (HR) 2004 - Member of Editorial Board of the Journal "Wissenschaftsmanagement " 2005 - Chair ERA Group ERTRAC European Road Transport Research Advsory Council 2008 - Chair of International Advisory Group EITplus - Wroclaw 2008 - Chair European Entrepreneurial Regions a.i.s.b.l. ( EER ) 2009 - Member of MODERN Advisory Group ( Higher Education Modernisation Platform )

8. Vacancies for physicists in Germany ( % of total ) 2007 2009 Research and Development 25.5 27.4 Universities / Research institutions 23.5 21.3 Manufacturing - Optics/Measurement 9.0 10.2 Services - Timework 12.5 7.9 Consulting 2.5 1.1 Engineering / Architecture office 3.0 2.3 Health 2.5 2.0 Public administration 3.5 5.0 Software development 2.0 2.0 source - Schroeter DPG Physik Journal 2008

9. Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell demonstration of nuclear magnetic resonance 1946 Physics in 1952 Medicine in 2003 Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield demonstration of NMR imaging in early 70ties SOURCE: NOBELPRIZE.ORG

10. PASTEURs QUADRANT - Basic and Use Inspired Research

11. Research and Innovation Research Knowledge Money Innovation

12. Kommunikation Nobel

13. Research, Market and Society Research Market Society Innovation

14. The Innovation Processfrom a linear model in the past towards a network between stakeholders

15. The Knowledge Triangle Contribution to the Lisbon objectives: economic growth, employment creation, environmental protection, societal challenges: fight poverty, improve human health and quality of life(GSM, remote working, safe roads, etc.)‏

16. Physicist in industry There has never been a "physics industry" compared to disciplines like chemistry or engineering A growing share of physicists don t go in R&D but to non-technological functions, services, consulting Physicists are are often not recognized / visible, since they are not hired because of their physics studies only

17. Industrial Research IBM Rueschlikon BELL Laboratories

18. Technology Strategy - example for automotive industry Core Technologies Megatrends Key Success Factors Driving Forces Propulsion Technologies Costs Sustainable mobility Society Reliability Vehicle Concepts Regulatory Reduction of Emissions Materials Technology Accident-free driving Protection of Resources Manufacturing Technologies Customers active / passive Safety Traffic Engineering & Telematics Competition Miniaturization Comfort Information & Communication Technology Driver Assistence Technology Infotainment for Passengers Interconnected world Electronics, Mechatronics & Control Resources Driving Fun

19. Five key criteria for passenger cars Non- stationary behavior High dynamic performance (driving pleasure) Costs Reduced production costs Reduced operation costs Reduced recycling costs Power density Light weight Small and light The current market Who is willing to buy it ? New markets have to be established ! Efficiency Reduced energy consumption Reduced fuel consumption

20. Integrated Safety Passive Savety Active Safety Driver Assistence Vision "Accident Free Driving“

21. Vision of ‘ accident free driving ’Driver Assistance Systems

22. Expectations on Universities • Education - Priority activity trained people for research and management scientific methods - in depth analysis cooperation interdisciplinaryteams • Research - Knowledge generation basis for new products, services, processes knowledge transfer via agency or people patents - licences as financial source • „Third Mission“ link to grand challenges of society regional clusters - support a specific profile

23. Risk and Innovation The greatest risk for research and innovation is to stop taking risks !

24. Culture to accept failure

25. Acceptance of New Technologies Market Penetration Examples of Information Technology Java World Wide Web Virtual Reality Smart Cards Workflow Speech Recognition Personal Digital Assistent Desktop Conferencing Time Fascination Consolidation Starting Phase Doubts Disillusionment

26. Incremental innovation

27. Specific Expectations on Universities Cooperation - join forces and resources Mutual understanding of science / industry Efficiency in collaborations Strategic partnership - PhD programs Link to business / society challenges Industry needs - align research strategies High risk in frontier research Complement industry portfolio Communications of research community Towards business / public Justification needed - proportional to budget

28. Recommendations to universities Strengthen education role of universities aim for excellence / reputation in education as well competition, incentives, awards adapt to new demands Open University more for non standard students age above 25, part time, mixed backgrounds flexible entry criteria - life long learning Cooperation with business flexible collaborations in research ( IPR, bonus ) common strategies ( research themes, boards ) exchange of people ( in both directions )

29. 8.9% Employment of physicists in German sectors energy health R&D finance-commerce 4.4% 10.3% 1.2% 8.9% university other manufacturing 7.1% 15.3% public administration 3.7% 8.9% other knowledge based services 12.3% IT 8.5% 12.0% vehicle manufacturing-engineering 7.3% manufacturing other education source: Schroeter DPG study to be published 2009

30. Importance of job skills and capabilities (%) work techniques / teamwork application specific capabilities communication / presentation skills foreign language skills theoretical subject matter expertise negotiation skills / leadership international exchange / experience marketing / management taught "well" to "excellent" at university "important" to "very important " on the job Quelle: VDE-Studie „Young Professionals“ 8/2003

31. Diamond market in Amsterdam ClarityCarat Colour Cut

32. ClarityCommunication Commitment Championship Success factors in business

33. Leadership Lead a team towards a common goal If you want to build a ship, don't drum up people to collect wood and don't assign them tasks and work, but rather teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea. Antoine de Saint - Exupery ( French writer 1900 -1944 )

34. Customer Orientation The customer isn’t only king, he even becomes dictator. Kunde als Diktator

35. Flexibility “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.” Charles Darwin 1809-1882

36. Accept defeat We gather strength with each success, and we grow with each defeat

37. The future can not be predicted... but may be influenced

38. Marketing Study in 1900 The worldwide demand of passenger cars is thought to never exceed one million, partly due to a … limited availability of chauffeurs.

39. Key Expectations in Education of Physics Generate a sound basis - content knowledge of physics as a general discipline Strengthen the broad spectrum of the discipline incl. less known application of physical principles Detail in some fields up to current key issues / questions e.g. early involvement in frontier research Avoid limitation to currently fashionable themes sharpen the specific niche / profile of the faculty

40. High passion for physics

41. Key expectations - besides physics itself Methods and analytical tools of physical research independent of content or specific field Analysis of complex situations and problems fast familiarizing in new fields Translation of physics in real life situations towards application of physical principles Independent, target-oriented work preferably in a team or in an expert network Communication capabilities in all forms oral, written, presenting, convincing etc.

42. "I cannot say whether things will get better if we change; what I can say is they must change if they are to get better" Georg Cristoph Lichtenberg German physicist 1742 - 1799