Safety Communicating Expectations and Requirements

1. SafetyCommunicating Expectations and Requirements John Clendenin, RN, RSM Safety Officer Environmental ,Health, Safety & Risk Management University of Alaska Fairbanks jrclendeninjr@alaska.edu

2. Safety Moment • Evacuation Routes • Phones • Restrooms • Meeting Area

3. Statistics • In 2006, an estimated 23,100 children and adolescents were injured on farms; 5,800 of these injuries were due to farm work. • Between 1992 and 2007, 8088 farmers and farm workers died from work-related injuries in the US. The leading cause of death for these workers was tractor overturns, accounting for an average of 96 deaths annually.

4. Statistics • Every day, about 243 agricultural workers suffer lost-work-time injuries. Five percent of these injuries result in permanent impairment. • July 2010 grain engulfment deaths • How dangerous is farm work?

5. Overview • References • Regulatory Agencies • Hazard Recognition • Training and Documentation • Personal Protective Equipment • What Now? • Questions

6. What’s New • HR 190 - Protecting America’s Workers Act • Term employers re-defined to include any officer or director. • 5-10 year prison and/or monetary fine for serious violation that caused or contributed to serious bodily harm. • 10-20 year prison and/or monetary fine for violation that caused or contributed to an employee death • Yale – death of a student

7. Why Train Supervisors? • To communicate • safety expectations • what assistance is available • potential liability It’s all about COMMUNICATION!

8. All employees have a right to be: • Informed of hazards in work areas, • Trained in safe and healthful work practices, • Protected from dangerous occupational situations that could cause harm; and • Protected from discrimination as a result of filing a report of possible safety/health hazard.

9. References • University/Institutional Policies • NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ • ANSI (American National Standards Institute)http://www.ansi.org/

10. Regulatory Agencies • OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) • DOT (Department of Transportation) • EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) • Department of Environmental Conservation • NFPA ( National Fire Protection Association) • Others…?

11. What is OSHA? • Occupational Safety & Health Administration • Became law in 1970, signed by Richard Nixon • 25 states plus Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands have approved state plans, others are covered by Federal OSHA • Mission • to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.

12. OHSA Standards • 29 CFR 1910 for General Industry • 29 CFR 1926 for Construction Industry • 29 CFR 1928 for Agriculture • CFR = Code of Federal Regulations that place standards on employers to protect workers from injury, illness, and death. • It’s the Law!

13. OSHA & other codes and laws • Consensus or Industry Standards • Building codes • Electrical Codes • Mechanical Codes • Fire Codes • When adopted by State become State Law. • Once OSHA incorporates specific consensus standards they become Federal Law. • Note: Where industry standards may not apply retroactively, once incorporated, OSHA views it as a violation of an OSHA standard

14. Citation Types • Other than serious • Has a dire relationship to job safety and health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm(≤ $7,000) • Serious • Substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could resultand that the employer knew, or should have known of the hazard (≤ $7,000)

15. Citation Types • Willful • Employer knowingly commits or commits with plain indifference to the law. The employer either knows that what they aredoing constitutes a violation, or is aware that a hazardous condition existed and made no reasonable effort to eliminate it ($5,000-$70,000) • Repeated • A violation of any standard, regulation, rule or order where, upon re-inspection, is found to be substantially similar to a previous violation(≤ $70,000)

16. Citation Types • Failure to Abate • Failure to abate a prior violation(≤ $7,000/day) • De Minimus • Violations of standards that have no direct or immediate relationship to safety or health

17. Citation Examples • Other Than Serious – Emergency Action Plans not done; blocked exit routes. • Serious – Fall protection, ladders and training. Tops of ordinary stepladders may not be used as steps • Willful – Violence occurs at work after warning of the threat of violence was ignored. • Repeat – Failure to train custodial workers who work in areas where asbestos is located. • De Minimus – The Lights are turned off in a room where they should always be turned on.

18. Seven principle areas of safetyfor supervisors • Employer responsibilities • Development of proper attitudes • Knowledge of safe work practices • Orientation and training of employees • Safety training requirements • Personal protective equipment • Accident and injury reporting

19. Hazard Recognition

20. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) • How will this help you? • Assist with determining where the hazards are • Assist with determining PPE requirements • Provide a risk matrix – budget forecasting • The ability to share information – Communication is the key!

32. Development of Proper Attitudes Good leaders set the right example • It’s not a question of whether or not you set an example, it’s only a matter of what kind of example you set. “Do as I say, not as I do”doesn’t work! When actions don’t square with words, the integrity of the safety program is damaged. When we make exceptions to safety rules when it suits us or condone unsafe actions by walking away, others will use these inconsistencies as excuses to work in an unsafe manner.

33. Training Provided by USAF

34. Training of Employees and Volunteers • Supervisors must ensure that each new employee, whether temporary or permanent, receives appropriate safety training at the start of employment • Inform all new employees about health and safety procedures, rules, and regulations • Provide health and safety training and education on a continuing basis • Annual for Agriculture

35. Training Documentation • You’ve trained your employees – be sure to document the training! • Keep rosters • Individuals’ name (printed and with signature) • Date of class • Identify what training • Note how long the class was • Instructor’s name • It’s a good idea to attach a syllabus to the roster OSHA inspector’s stance - if the training isn’t documented then the training never happened.Be sure to document your hard work!

36. The "Personal Protective Equipment“ (PPE) Standard Established in 1994 Briefly stated, this standard requires that employers must establish and administer an effective PPE program for employees and that employees be trained in the proper use of PPE.

38. What Is Personal Protective Equipment? (PPE) PPE is designed to protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. PPE is to be used when administrative, (1ST defense) engineeringcontrols, (2nd defense) and work place practices (3rd defense) can not otherwise protect workers from hazards.

39. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 Protective equipmentshall be provided, used, and maintained The employer shall: - Assess the workplace - Select PPE and require use - Communicate selection decisions - Select proper fitting PPE - Verify hazard assessment in writing , worksite person, date, and certification

40. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 The employer shall: Provide training to each employee on - When PPE is needed - What PPE is needed - How to don, doff, adjust and wear - Limitations of PPE - Proper care, maintenance, life and disposal

41. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 Each employee shall: - Demonstrate an understanding of training - Ability to use PPE properly Employer shall retrain employees: - Reason to believe employee lacks understanding and skill required - Inadequacies of knowledge or use

42. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132 Employer shall verify: - Each employee received and understood training with written certification - Name, date, and subject of certification NOTE: section 1910.132(e) Defective or damaged PPE shall not be used.

43. Head Protection Eye Protection Face Protection Hand Protection Hearing Protection Foot Protection Protective Clothing Safety Belts, Harnesses, Lifelines Life Rings & Personal Flotation Devices Respiratory Protection Categories of PPE There are ten categories of personal protective equipment

44. What Now? • Complete JHAs • Plan – Schedule Training • Implement plan –Train Employees • Document Training • Evaluate - Effectiveness of training • Re-train at required periodic intervals • Monitor developments in your department that may require new training Remember – you aren’t in this alone, Talk with your safety department

45. Questions?