Unit 4 Global warming

1. Unit 4 Global warming

2. 基础知识自测

3. 一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写下下列单词。 1 ___________ [^rB:f]n. 图表; 坐标图。 2 _________________[fi5nCminEn]n. 现象。 3____________[fjuEl]n. 燃料 4 ___________[5deitE] n. 资料; 数据 5 ___________[5klaimit] n. 气候 6 ___________[steit]vt. 陈述；说明 7 ___________[reindV]n. 种类；范围 8 _______________[5waIdspred]adj. 分布广的,普遍的。 9____________[di:5kri:s] vi.\vt. 减少；使变小 graph phenomenon fuel data climate state range widespread decrease

4. 10 __________ [5stedi]adj. 稳固的；持续的。 11___________[i^5zistEns]n.生存；存在 12___________[5autE]adj. 外部的；外面的。 13___________ [pE5lu:FEn]n. 污染；弄脏 14___________ [I5lektrIk(E)l]adj. 电的；与电有关的 15___________ [5mEutE] n. 发动机 16___________[kAn]n. 容器；罐头 17 _____________ [5maikrEuweiv]n. 微波炉；微波 18 ___________ [5nju:kliE]adj. 原子核的；核胡 19________________[dIsE5^ri:mEnt]n.分歧；不一致 20___________ [5taitl]n. 标题；题目 steady existence outer pollution electrical motor can microwave nuclear disagreement title

5. 二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，以及中文提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。 1 Coal is one of the cheapest types of _________. 2 You must drink a large _______________ of water. 3 She enjoyed w________________ fame afer her new film came out. 4You have to take the _________________ (后果)of the accident. 5．The frontier __________(延伸)from the northern hills to the southern coast. fuel quantity widespread consequences ranges

6. 6.An eclipse of the moon is one of the rare __________________（现象） 7 Not everyone can afford journeys to __________ space. 8.The little girl drank four _______ (罐) of beer, which made us surprised. 9 Students numbers will have____________(减少) to 3000 by the end of this term. 10 Although we are burning coal in huge ____________ every year, we won’t run out of it for centuries. phenomena outer cans decreased quantities

7. 三、词语派生 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1 Prices are rising ______________(steady) 2. He is old enough to be _______________of his parents so he wants _______________ from them.( dependence) 3. The president made a ____________ （state）of his aims. 4. Do you believe in the __________ （exist）of ghosts? 5. The _________（pollute） river should be dealt with by the government. steadily independent independence statement existence polluted

8. 6. How did you deal with the ___________________ (disagree) between colleagues(同事) 7. The use of energy is Tim’s country is low __________(compare to ) the use of energy in the USA. 8. Mother asked little Tom to _________(renewable) the water in the goldfish bowl. 9. This machine has an __________( electricity) fault. 10. The significant earthquake broken out last night caused a ________________ (catastrophe) failure. disagreement compared to Renew electrical catastrophic

9. 四、词组互译 1 ____________________ 逐步建立；增加 2____________________ 依赖；依靠 3____________________ 发生；造成 4 ____________________ 等等 5 __________________大量的 6__________________ 有关系；有影响 7 ___________________ 只要 8 __________________ 在A和B 之间变化 build up depend on come about and so on quantities of make a difference as long as range from A to B

10. 9___________________继续 10 __________________ 把……比作； 11 __________________ 导致 12 ____________________ 大体上；基本上 13 __________________按平均数计算 14 _____________________忍受；容忍 15_____________________ 一瞥 keep on compare … to … result in on the whole on average put up with glance at

11. 五 词组运用 词组填空 从上面的短语中选择恰当的短语填空。 1. We’re _________________ him finishing her job by Friday. 2. He _____________knowledge ______ wings to fly. 3. Tell me how the accident _____________ 4. ________________ books were on the desk. 5. The accident _____________ ten deaths. depending on compared to came about Quantities of resulted in

12. 6. You need to ____________ your strength. 7. Don’t ____________ asking so many questions. 8. He ______________ the envelope and recognized his uncle’s handwriting. 9. You can go to play ______________ you stay in the back yard. 10. We can’t _____________ his endless complaint. build up keep on glanced at as long as put up with

13. 完成句子 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 11. 付款多少取决与你居住的地方。 The amount you pay _______________ where you live. 12. 与40年前相比， 卫生保健水平得到了极大提高。 ____________________________________, standards in health care have improved greatly. 13. 这种情况本不应该发生。 This situation ________________________________. 14. 警方发现了大量违禁药品。 Police found _____________________ of illegal drugs. 15. 谈判结果削减了导弹数量。 The talks ___________ reducing the number of missiles. depends on Compared with 40 years ago should never have come about a large quantities of resulted in

14. 句子翻译 16. 我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。 _______________________________________________ 17. 他们的年龄在25岁到50岁之间。 _______________________________________________ 18. 我不明白她怎么能容忍他没完没了的抱怨。 _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 19. 这场雨影响了比赛。 _______________________________________________ 20. 总得来说，我赞成这个建议。 ______________________________________________ We fail one student per year on average. Their ages range from 25 to 50. I don’t know how she puts up with his endless complaint. The rain made a difference to the game. On the whole, I’m in favor of the proposal.

15. Language points for Reading I 1. What do you think green house gases do? 本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是: 特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, consider, imagine, guess 和 suggest 等时，表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。 例如：

16. [正] Who do you think will win in the game? [误] Do you think who will win in the game? 当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后，例如： [误] Why do you know we can't cut down the big tree? [正] Do you know why we can't cut down the big tree?

17. 2 … it is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes. 1). vt. 比较；对照。 compare…with…表示“把……与……相比 (同类相比) ” 如： Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right. 把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。 My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s. 我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。

18. 2)．vt. 喻为；比拟。 compare…to… 表示“把……比做……（异类相比，比喻）” 如： Man’s life is often compared do a candle. 人生常被比为蜡烛。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。 知识拓展 compared to /with 与……相比, 只能作状语 Compared to /with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.

19. 3.How has this come about and does it matter? come about : 发生，造成 相当于happen When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about. I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 你知道那次空难是怎么发生的吗? 随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。 Do you know how the air accident came about? With the use of electricity, great changes have come about.

20. 4. There is no doubt that…. 一、作不可数名词,作"疑惑;怀疑” ①肯定句中doubt多接whether (一般不用if代替) 同位语从句。如: There's some doubt ________he'll keep his promise. 他会不会信守诺言还难说。 She had her doubts ________the new book would sell well. 她怀疑新书是否会畅销。 whether whether

21. ②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。 如: There is no doubt ____ they will ask you for help. 毫无疑问,他们会请你帮忙的。 I have no doubt ____ you will succeed. 我毫不怀疑你会成功的。 that that

22. 二、作及物动词常用于下列句型中, 作"怀疑; 不能肯定; 不大相信"解, 一般不用进行时态。 ①用于否定句或疑问句, 后接that引导的宾语从句。如: I don't doubt ____ he is telling the truth. 我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。 Do you doubt ____ he will win the match? 你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗? that that

23. ②用于肯定句,一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句.如: I doubt __________we will make a profit out of it. 我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。 We doubt __________she will be persuaded. 我们不知道她会不会被说服。 whether/if whether/if

24. 5. subscribe to同意 ;赞成；订购 常用于疑问句和否定句 • I’ve never subscribed to the theory that people are more important than animals. • 我从来没有同意过人比动物更重要的理论。 • 2) I don’t subscribe to the idea that money brings happiness. • 我不同意金钱能带来快乐的观点。

25. 6…it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. …全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。

26. It is…that …是强调句式，被强调部分是human activity, 强调全球转暖的原因是认为的。rather 在这里的意思是“在更大的车高度上”，与than连用，可以译为“不是…, 而是…”。类似的用法有： The parents should be punished rather than the boy. 改受到惩罚的是那男孩的父母而不应当是男孩。

27. 7. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one being carbon dioxide. the most important one being carbon dioxide是一个独立主格结构，由名词+分词构成，在句中做补充说明或伴随的状况。

28. ________________(时间允许的话)，I will show you around the city. __________________(今天是星期天)，I don’t have to go to work. ___________________________ (没有人要说的话)，the meeting was closed. Time permitting Today being Sunday Nobody having any more to say

29. 8.Without the ‘green house effect’, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 Without your help ( = If we had not had your help)，we could not have succeeded． 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。

30. He was having a meeting with his students；otherwise he would have come. 他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。 But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would be no modem industry． 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

31. He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party． 他昨天很累, 不然他就参加那个聚会了。

32. quantity of 大量的 quantity 量 eg: 就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。 He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned. quantity 也可以用作可数名词，表示“数量” Police found a large quantity of illegal drugs. 警方发现了大量违禁药品。

33. 9. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the stmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。 动词tend后面跟不定式，表示“有…的倾向，有…的习惯”，或译为”倾向于，趋于”。

34. 如： It tends to snow heavily here in winter. 这里的冬天往往雪下的很大。 trap诱捕; 使陷入困境；留住。如： Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream. 沙石和树叶淤住了溪流。 They finally trapped the mouse in a cage. 最后，他们用罩子把老鼠逮住了。

35. 10. go up上升；增长。如： The temperature in this area has gone up 2 degrees than that at the same time last year. 这个地区的气温比去年通义时期上升了两度。

36. 11. result in result in 结果; 致使; 导致 主语： in 的宾语： 起因 结果 in Acting before thinking always results___ failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。 The accident resulted___ the death of two people. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。 in

37. result from 起于, 由于, 由…引起， 主语： from 的宾语： His sickness resulted_____ eating too much. 起因 结果 from

38. 12. state v.陈述，声明； n.状况，情况；国家； +n. state +that从句 +wh-从句； 可用于被动结构，也可用过去分词作定语。

39. +n. state +that从句 +wh-从句； • 他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。 • He has publicly _____ _____ _____ for the policy. stated his support 2.我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。 I heard the official state that they would not accept children. 3.合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。 The contract stated when the work should be finished.

40. n.状况，情况；国家 eg: 她今天心情不好。 eg: 国家首脑 She is in a terrible state today. the head of state

41. 13. range v. 排列, 使成行；偏袒，站在…的方面。 n. 范围(尤指从…到…各种种类, 可供选择的范围等，可加不定冠词) ；排列 beyond the range of…超越……的范围 out of one’s range 某人达不到的 这家商店商品品种多。 The shop keeps____________________. a wide range of goods

42. 14.Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。 build up 逐步建立，增加，增进 build up one’s fortune build up one’s strength build up the business This built up my hope after the interview. Sediment (沉淀物)builds up on the ocean floor. 累积财富 养精蓄锐 扩大,发展 增加, 支持, 树立 collect 累积, 收集

43. 15.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在（未来）几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。

44. even if (也作even though) 即使；尽管。引导状语从句。如： Jody had all these feelings even if she had no way to express herself. 即使乔迪没有办法表达自己，她还是感受到了这一切。 Believe us. We will back you to the end even if you fall. 相信我们，即使你失败，我们也支持你到底。

45. 16. keep on doing继续做某事 （=continue/go on doing）。如： We kept on studying late into the night. 我们坚持学习到深夜。 keep on doing 与keep doing 在意思和用法上大致相同，经常可以互换使用。

46. 但在表示“连续不断或持续的状态”时，常用keep doing; 而在强调“继续干某事”（尽管动作是时断时续的）时，常用keep on doing。如： You should keep waiting here until he comes. 你应当在这里一直等到他来。

47. Language points for Reading II

48. on behalf of代表，为了 He spoke on behalf of all the members of the faculty and staff. 他代表全体教职员工讲了话。 on sb.‘s behalf 以某人的名义; 为了某人; 代表某人 in behalf of For the benefit of; in the interest of. 为了…；为了…利益

49. make a difference make a difference (1)有很大差别, 有很大不同 (2)有很大的关系/影响 make some/ no difference to对...有些/没有关系 That makes no difference to me. 那对我没有影响。 Exercise can make a great difference to your health. 锻炼对你的健康产生很大的影响。

50. put up with put up with 忍受;忍耐;受苦 That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with. 作为家庭主 妇,那女人得忍受很多烦恼。 知识拓展