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Myiasis

Myiasis. Definition: The invasion of organs and tissues of humans or other vertebrate animals with larvae of dipterous flies, which for a period, feed upon the living or dead tissue. So, Myiasis is a medical term for infestation with the larvae (maggots) of a dipterous fly.

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Myiasis

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  1. Myiasis Definition: • The invasion of organs and tissues of humans or other vertebrate animals with larvae of dipterous flies, which for a period, feed upon the living or dead tissue. • So, Myiasis is a medical term for infestation with the larvae (maggots) of a dipterous fly

  2. Types of myiasis: • Accidental Egg or larvae reach human food or drink accidentally • Insects in the family Muscidae • Facultative Necrobiots but can feed on living tissue • Maggot therapy • Maggots free-living, attack carcasses, may attack living host. • Obligatory • Maggots live on a livehost for part of their life.(obligatory sarcobiots)

  3. Common Causes of Myiasis The main flies that cause myiasis in humans and livestock belong to three main families:- Calliphoridae(blowflies)- Sarcophagidae(fleshflies)- Oestridae (botflies)

  4. I- Calliphoridae (blowflies ): a-non-metallic flies • Cordylobiaanthropophaga Larvae Adult

  5. Calliphoridae:b- Metallic Flies Lucilia spp. Cochliomyia hominivorax

  6. Cochliomyiahominivorax The larvae have a pair of hooks near the mouth, which attach to the substrate while it feeds.

  7. II- Sarcophagidae: Flesh-Flies • Sarcophaga spp.

  8. III- Oestroiedae (Oestridae) Dermatobia hominis

  9. Medical importance: • Myiasis often results in considerable damage and disfigurement, especially if face is attacked. • When maggots invade nose, mouth, eyes they can cause severe pain. They may eat their way through the palate. • Offensive discharges and ulcerations. • Treatment should be immediate!

  10. Maggot Therapy (Larval Therapy) Maggot therapy is a widely accepted treatment for chronic, non-healing wounds. Used larvae feed mainly on pus & necrotic tissue. The maggots are painless, effective and offer a safe way to perform debridement (removal of dead tissues) Removal of larvae is easy. Rarely invade healthy tissue.

  11. Mechanism of Action • The larvae feed on dead tissue and cellular debris found in necrotic wounds, secrete proteolytic enzymes that liquefy the necrotic tissue, which, in turn, the larvae absorb and ingest. • The maggots also assist in killing bacteria through a number of mechanisms including bacteriocidal byproducts of the larval gut, and chemical secretions that change the pH of the wound bed. . So, useful in the treatment of severely infected wounds, for extremely debilitated or severely diabetic patients or who may not be candidates for surgical debridement procedures. • Some suggested that myiasis directly stimulates granulation tissue through physical stimulation or chemical mediators.

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