Trapping Energy

1. Interest Grabber Trapping Energy Section 8-2 Have you ever used a solar-powered calculator? No matter where you go, as long as you have a light source, the calculator works. You never have to put batteries in it.

2. Interest Grabber continued • 1. A solar-powered calculator uses solar cells that are found in rows along the top of the calculator. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted so that the calculator works? • 2. Recall that plants use light energy from the sun to make food. Into what kind of energy is the light energy converted by plants? • 3. Most plants, no matter what size or shape they are, have some parts that are green. Which parts of a plant are usually green? • 4. What does the green color have to do with the plant’s ability to convert light energy into the energy found in the food it makes?

3. Chapter 8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview

4. Photosynthesis • Plants use energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy carbohydrates – sugars and starches – and oxygen • Oxygen is considered a waste product of photosynthesis

5. Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products Section 8-2 Light Energy Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

6. Jan van Helmont • Experiment  find out if plants grew by taking material out of the soil • Determined mass of dry soil and seedling • Watered seed regularly • After 5 years – mass of tree changed, while mass of soil remained unchanged • Concluded that increase in mass was due to the water • Accounts for “hydrate” in carbohydrate • Carbon from carbon dioxide accounts for “carbo” in carbohydrate

7. Van Helmont’s Experiment

8. Joseph Priestly • Experimented with fire in a jar with a sprig of mint • Fire needed oxygen to keep burning • Putting a jar over the flame put the fire out • If mint was placed in jar, fire would keep burning • Concluded that plants gave off oxygen

9. Summary: burning candle + bell jar →  candle goes out + add a mint plant  →  candle can be relit mouse + bell jar →  dead mouse + add a mint plant →  mouse lives Questions: 1. Why did the candle burn out when placed under bell jar? 2. Why could the candle be relit after allowing it growth with a mint plant? 3. Why does a mouse die when it is placed under a bell jar? 4. Why was the mouse able to survive when placed in the jar with a mint plant?

10. Jan Ingenhousz • Showed that the experiment done by Priestly only occurred if the plant was in light • Light is needed to produce oxygen • Put all three scientists together: • In the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, and they also release oxygen

11. Photosynthesis Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O LIGHTC6H12O6 + 6O2

12. Light • Light is a form of energy that travels in waves • White light is a mixture of light of different wavelengths • When broken down, white light produces the visible spectrum (400nm – 750 nm) • ROY G. BIV • Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet • Red has a longer wavelength than violet

13. Pigments of Plants • Pigments – light absorbing pigments • Because light is energy – energy is absorbed by the pigments • Their electrons get excited to a higher energy level • Chlorophyll – main light absorbing pigment of plants • Two types: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b • Absorbs light in the blue-violet and red regions; reflects green light

15. Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b 1. How does the color spectrum at the bottom relate to the graph? 2. In what region of the spectrum does chlorophyll a absorb light best? 3. In what region of the spectrum does chlorophyll b absorb light best? 4. In what region of the spectrum do neither types of chlorophyll absorb light well at? Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a V B G Y O R

16. Pigments of Plants • Carotenoids – red, orange, and yellow pigments in plants • Absorb light in the other regions of the spectrum • Leaves change color because the chlorophyll molecules fade away and the carotenoids are left over

17. Photosynthesis Video • Photosynthesis