Home Networks in a World of Embedded Web Services

1. Home Networks in a World of Embedded Web Services David E. Culler dculler@archrock.com culler@cs.berkeley.edu KES 2006 10-19-2006

2. BEARS

3. Sports Science Shopping Weather Maps NEWS Financial Technology The Web – Integrates the World’s Information BEARS

4. Security and Access Control Gas and Electric Usage Heating, AC, and Ventilation Water Usage, Temp., Quality Smoke, Fire, CO, Radon Baby Monitor (Elder care) Smart Appliances Digital Health Devices Entertainment System Video Game Consoles Exercise Units Most Real World Information goes “down the drain” Clocks and Calendars BEARS

5. Real-World Wireless Web – integrating real-world information Embedded Sensing Processing Communication Web Integration Technologies BEARS

6. Example BEARS

7. Outline • Introducing - Real-World Wireless Web • Enabling Technology • Embedded Web Services • Awareness – monitoring and metering • Prognostics - instrumentation • Care – observing interactions • Conclusions BEARS

8. Microcontroller Flash Storage Radio Communication Sensors Enabling Technology IEEE 802.15.4 BEARS

9. Enabling Technology Physical World BEARS

10. Berkeley open WSN “motes” Proprietary WSN nodes Silicon World Wireless Sensors Storage Processing Emergence of Open Platforms Physical World BEARS

11. Silicon World Processing Storage Emergence of Open Systems Digital World WSN mote platform Sensors Wireless Physical World BEARS

12. Snapshot of an International Community • 346,000+ downloads from tinyos.net • plus sourceforge, crossbow, moteiv, www.tinyos.or.kr, … • Open TinyOS Alliance http://www.tinyos.net BEARS

13. Applications and Services Over-the-air Programming Network Protocols Blocks, Logs, Files Streaming drivers Scheduling, Management Link Radio Serial Flash MCU, Timers, Bus,… ADC, Sensor I/F Sensors Wireless Processing Storage Wireless Embedded Systems TinyOS 2.0 WSN mote platform Communication Centric Resource-Constrained Event-driven Execution BEARS

14. Network Protocols Radio Serial Flash MCU, Timers, Bus,… WSN mote platform Silicon World Sensors Wireless Processing Storage Wireless Embedded Networks Applications and Services Over-the-air Programming Blocks, Logs, Files Streaming drivers Scheduling, Management Digital World Link ADC, Sensor I/F Physical World BEARS

15. 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 Multi-Hop Mesh Routing 0 BEARS

16. Confluence of Technology Embedded Networking Tiny Operating System WSN CMOS Radios Microcontroller SOCs Integrated Sensors BEARS

17. Wireless Sensor Networks Internet or Enterprise • Network of tiny footprint computers • Optimized for long life on low power • Equipped to sense physical data • Networked using low-power radio • Function: • Sense any measurable parameter • Light, motion, chemicals, proximity, biometrics • Form network and communicate • Automatic meshing and routing over the air • Apply user-defined business logic • Sampling, summarizing, reporting events • Form: • Mote (Processor, Radio, Storage) + Sensors • Embedded Operating System and Networking • Gateways towards Enterprise IT systems Gateway Gateway Wireless Sensor Nodes BEARS

18. Enabling Technology: Web Services • The ultimate interoperability • unify within and between Information Systems • Service Oriented Architecture • Widely adopted standards • Backed by OASIS and W3C • Open-source reference implementations, e.g., Apache • SOAP + WSDL (+ UDDI) • Or XML-RPC over HTTP (REST) BEARS

19. Service Description find publish bind Service Oriented Architecture Service Registry • Service Description => interface & implementation • Operations supported, input/output objects • Bindings to network and data encoding schemes • Network address where service can be invoked • Enough that client can generate code to access the service well Service Requestor Service Provider BEARS

20. <request service> Service Description Sampled Value 11 010110111 11 010010001 int temp; 010010001 Physical Signal Embedded Web Services < get temp … set sample_rate set alarm … > www.weather.com Web Services <value> source=library time=12:53 temp=26.7 <\value> <value> source=library time=12:31 temp=25.1 <\value> XML information Wireless Packets 802.15.4 BEARS

21. tier3 SensorNet GW/Proxy physical info net tier4 SensorNet mote Sensor A new WSN world client tier1 AquaLogic server tier2 Perl Python C# NetWeaver Embedded Services Excel BEARS

22. Real World Webs BEARS

23. Save Resources Improve Productivity Enable New Knowledge Enhance Safety & Security Preventing Failures Protect Health Improve Food & H20 Why are WSNs so Important? Increase Comfort High-Confidence Transport BEARS

24. Awareness – Monitoring and Metering • Monitoring Spaces • Env. Monitoring, Conservation biology, ... • Precision agriculture, greenhouses,… • Home and building comfort & efficiency, HVAC,… • alarms, security, surveillance, EPA, OSHA, … BEARS

25. Prognostics - instrumentation • Monitoring Spaces • Env. Monitoring, Conservation biology, ... • Precision agriculture, greenhouses,… • Home and building comfort & efficiency, HVAC,… • alarms, security, surveillance, EPA, OSHA, … • Monitoring Things • condition-based maintenance • automated meter reading • Energy efficiency, cold chain • disaster management • Civil infrastructure BEARS

26. Interactions and Care • Monitoring Spaces • Env. Monitoring, Conservation biology, ... • Precision agriculture, greenhouses,… • Home and building comfort & efficiency, HVAC,… • alarms, security, surveillance, EPA, OSHA, … • Monitoring Things • condition-based maintenance • automated meter reading • Energy efficiency, cold chain • disaster management • Civil infrastructure • Interactions of Space and Things • manufacturing, asset tracking, fleet & franchise • Cold-chain, shipping integrity, hazmat • Assistance - home/elder care • Action and control • Optimizing processes • Automation BEARS

27. Safety: Chemical-to-chemical safety alerts Human-to-chemical safety alerts Prox. Tracking Building: Security HVAC AMR Lighting Access control Proximity, Tracking, Compliance Industrial: Asset mgmt CBM Process control Energy mgmt environmental Medical Agriculture HLS … Home: Lighting HVAC access Shipping QoS: Vibration threshold Temp/humidity threshold Current Conditions: In Motion, No Magnetic Fields, 67° • Humidity Range: 30-35% • Temp. Range: 55 ° - 78 ° BEARS

28. Care – awareness of life dynamics and health Web Integration Technologies Embedded Sensing Processing Communication BEARS

29. How will WSNs and IP come together? XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI ? HTTP / FTP / SNMP TCP / UDP IP 802.11 802.15.4, CC, … Ethernet Sonet BEARS

30. Full IP stack throughout XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI HTTP / FTP / SNMP TCP / UDP IP 802.11 802.15.4, CC, … Ethernet Sonet BEARS

31. Proxy / Gateway Edge Network Approach XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI HTTP / FTP / SNMP TCP / UDP IP Ethernet Sonet 802.11 802.15.4, CC, … BEARS

32. SensorNets need the Wisdom of the “Internet Architecture” • Design for change! • Network protocols must work over a wide variety of links • Links will evolve • Network protocols must work for a variety of applications • Applications will evolve • Provide only simple primitives • Don’t confuse the networking standard with a programming methodology • Don’t try to lock-in your advantage in the spec • Open process • Rough consensus AND running code BEARS

33. internet tier3 SensorNet Server embedded net tier4 Mote Sensor Arch Rock Technology • Connecting the physical world to the information enterprise • Applications on “Real-World” Web Services • Java, .net, php, … • IP-based Service Oriented Architecture • App, mgmt, conversion, persistence, data • WiFi, GPRS • Embedded Application Services • Extensible attributes & events • Embedded Network Services • IEEE 802.15.4-based • Cross-platform industrial-quality WSN operating system • TinyOS 2.0 • Broad platform and sensor choice Client tier1 Server tier2 Physical World BEARS

34. internet tier3 SensorNet Server embedded net tier4 Mote Sensor Arch Rock Technology • Connecting the physical world to the information enterprise • Solid Foundation • Novel information in familiar forms Client tier1 Server tier2 Physical World BEARS

35. Arch Rock Primer PackFoundation  Enablement  Knowledge What is it? A complete, web-enabled wireless sensor network application platform that includes: • Gateway Server appliance that projects the Sensor Network to the IP world via Web Services • Sensor Nodes with hardened TinyOS 2 embedded system, mesh networking and services • Web-based management console for commissioning, system diagnostics and data management • Sensor extensibility with no system programming via the Expansion Ports and preinstalled sensor drivers • A comprehensive set of Web Services for industry-standard integrated development environments • IP-based sensor node management, addressing, naming and browsing BEARS

36. The Next Tier • Today: we can connect essentially everybody • Tomorrow: we will be able to connect and observe essentially everything of value • physical spaces, objects, and their interactions • physical information, not just keystrokes Comp:People 1:1,000,000 Mainframe Mini 1:1,000 Workstation PC 1:1 Laptop PDA Phone 1000:1 Motes years BEARS

37. Thanks BEARS