Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia

1. Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University IWC Forum Iowa Wesleyan College Mt. Pleasant, IA April 2, 2009

2. Nanotechnology and Just-in-Time Education Akhlesh Lakhtakia Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University April 2, 2009 Iowa Wesleyan College Mt. Pleasant, IA

6. Nanotechnology for Researchers George Smith (Oxford University): Nano “comes from the verb which means to seek research funding.” Source: The Economist (Jan 1-5, 2005 issue)

7. 2005 Survey: Literature on Perceptions of Nanotechnology

8. 2005 Survey: Literature on Perceptions of Nanotechnology

9. Nanotech Economy Total worldwide R&D funding = $ 9.6B in 2005 Governments (2005): $4.6B Established Corporations (2005): $4.5B Venture Capitalists (2005): $0.5B Source: Lux Research, The Nanotech Report, 4th Ed. (2006).

10. Nanotech Economy: Scope Source: Meridian Institute, Nanotechnology and the Poor: Opportunities and Risk (2005)

11. Nanotech Economy: Available Products Source: UNESCO, The Ethics and Politics of Nanotechnology (2006)

12. Perceptions of Nanotechnology Utopian Dystopian Source: Munshi et al. (2007)

13. Perceptions of Nanotechnology Utopian Dystopian Source: Munshi et al. (2007)

14. Prime Directive for Managers ofNanotechnology Minimize Risks

15. Types of Risks Employee Health Operational Safety Legislated Penalties Customer Liabilities Shareholder Dissatisfaction Societal Disharmony ……..

16. Essential Risk-Management Tool Knowledge

17. 2005 Survey: Literature on Perceptions of Nanotechnology

25. Five Questions

26. Q1: What is nanotechnology?

27. Nanotechnology: The term Norio Tanaguchi (1974): ‘Nano-technology’ mainly consists of the processing of separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule. N. Taniguchi, On the Basic Concept of 'Nano-Technology', Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.

28. Nanotechnology: The term US Patents and Trademarks Office (2006): “Nanotechnology is related to research and technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length of scale of approximately 1-100 nanometer range in at least one dimension; that provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale; and to create and use structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size.”

29. Nanotechnology promises to be • pervasive • ubiquitous

30. Nanotechnology promises to be • pervasive • ubiquitous A broad and inclusive definition is needed.

31. Q1: What is nanotechnology? A1: At least 1 dimension has a length-scalebetween 1 to 100 nm.

32. Q2: Why will nanotechnologybe pervasive and ubiquitous?

33. Nanoworld: Founding Myths 1959 Feynman’s talk “Plenty of room at the bottom”

34. Nanoworld: Founding Myths 1959 Feynman’s talk “Plenty of room at the bottom” 1981 Binnig & Rohrer Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

35. Nanoworld: Founding Myths 1959 Feynman’s talk “Plenty of room at the bottom” 1981 Binnig & Rohrer Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 1986 Drexler’s book The Engines of Creation

36. Nanoworld: Founding Myths 1959 Feynman’s talk “Plenty of room at the bottom” 1981 Binnig & Rohrer Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 1986 Drexler’s book The Engines of Creation

37. Nanoworld: Founding Myths 1913/4 Wolfgang Ostwald’s 5 lectures The World of Neglected Dimensions 1959 Feynman’s talk “Plenty of room at the bottom” 1981 Binnig & Rohrer Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 1986 Drexler’s book The Engines of Creation

38. Nanoworld: Founding Myths

39. Nanoworld: Other Initiators 1850s Colored glasses (nanoparticles) 1880s Thin films 1960s Integrated circuits 1970s Supramolecular chemistry

40. Nanotechnology: Classification • Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films • Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes • Radical – molecular manufacturing

41. Nanotechnology: Classification • Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films • Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes • Radical – molecular manufacturing

42. Nanotechnology: Classification • Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films • Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes • Radical – molecular manufacturing, nanobots

43. Nanotechnology: Classification • Incremental – nanoparticles, thin films • Evolutionary – quantum dots, nanotubes • Radical – molecular manufacturing, nanobots

44. Q2: Why will nanotechnologybe pervasive and ubiquitous? A2: Because of its gigantic scope.

45. Q3: What is the common thread in all technoscientific opportunities offered by nanotechnology?

46. Q3: What is the common thread in all technoscientific opportunities offered by nanotechnology? A3: Nanomaterials.

47. Q4: What societal issues will emerge from the spread of nanotechnology?

48. Knownknowns • Knownunknowns • Unknown unknowns

49. Knownknowns • Knownunknowns • Unknownunknowns “Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns — the ones we don't know we don't know.” - Donald Rumsfeld (12 Feb 2002)

50. Nanotechnology:Societal Issues Source: Susanna Priest and Victoria Kramer, University of South Carolina (2007)