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The Future is Nano: Are You and Your Students Ready for It?

The Future is Nano: Are You and Your Students Ready for It?. Presented by: Robert E. Strong strongro@westliberty.edu Elizabeth (Libby) A. Strong strongli@westliberty.edu Richard J. Pollack nano@smartcenter.org From: West Liberty State College SMART-Center &

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The Future is Nano: Are You and Your Students Ready for It?

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  1. The Future is Nano:Are You and Your Students Ready for It? Presented by: Robert E. Strongstrongro@westliberty.edu Elizabeth (Libby) A. Strong strongli@westliberty.edu Richard J. Pollacknano@smartcenter.org From: West Liberty State College SMART-Center & Near Earth Object Foundation With assistance from: Phyllis J. BarnhartPhyllis.Barnhart@mail.wvu.edu WVNano National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  2. The Future is Nano:Are You and Your Students Ready for It? Presented by: Robert E. Strongstrongro@westliberty.edu Elizabeth (Libby) A. Strong strongli@westliberty.edu Richard J. Pollacknano@smartcenter.org In an effort to be environmentally friendly: Complete copies of this presentation can be found at www.smartcenter.org/nano National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  3. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas – Matter 1 • Matter was thought to follow one of three models by the ancient Greek philosophers • 1st Democritus (460-370 BC) reasoned that matter was made of tiny indivisible particles “atoms” (a-tom = “no cut”) • 2nd Heraclitus (540-475 BC) thought that everything physical was made of fire National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  4. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas – Matter 2 • Matter was thought to follow one of three models by the ancient Greek philosophers • 3rd Aristotle (384-322 BC) said that all matter was a blend of four elements: • Air, Earth, Fire, and Water • Celestial bodies (moon, stars, sun, and planets) were made of a fifth element - Ether National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  5. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Chemistry 1 • Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) discovers the Law of the Conservation of Matter • In chemical reactions nothing is created or destroyed, the elements are only rearranged in new combinations National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  6. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Chemistry 1 • Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) discovers the Law of the Conservation of Matter (note: wife was his advisor and partner) • In chemical reactions nothing is created or destroyed, the elements are only rearranged in new combinations National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  7. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Chemistry 2 • By 1800 about 30 elements are discovered • Compounds are determined to be fixed ratios of elements not random • The elements of Aristotle: Air, Earth, Fire, and Water (and Celestial fifth element – Ether) are disproved as chemistry advances National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  8. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Atom Glue 1 • Matter can be charged, i.e. attract and repel • Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) proposes that there are two kinds of electricity • Positive and Negative Electricity - circa 1750 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  9. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Atom Glue 2 • Electricity (static and moving) experiments are used on matter by1800 • Chemists find that some compounds decompose with electricity National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  10. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Chemistry 3 • John Dalton (1766-1844) revives Democritus’ Atom theory of matter • Dalton imagines that each element was made of identical atoms National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  11. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-Chemistry 4 • Different elements have different atom types • Compounds are fixed groupings of atoms called molecules • The theory of Atoms and molecules are still theoretical – they are too small to see National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  12. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas : a Dream 1 • Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) • Awoke from a dream in 1869 where the elements so far discovered were listed in a table in order of increasing Atomic Weights. National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  13. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas : a Dream 2 • The 66 elements fell into vertical columns of elements having similar properties • Mendeleev Predicted that the gaps in the table array were undiscovered elements National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  14. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas : a Dream 3 • Present Day: • The gaps are filled • Now chemists produce in nuclear experiments short lived elements that do not exist in nature long enough to be discovered on the Earth • Mendeleev’s Dream is realized National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  15. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas: Atoms Exist • Albert Einstein (1879-1955) (wife – never gets credit does she?) 1905 paper on Brownian Motion. • Mathematically proves once and for all that atoms exist and gives a range for their size National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  16. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 1 • Size of Atoms 1 • Step #1 : 8.5” by 11” typing paper (assume mass of page = 12 grams of carbon) • Step #2 : Predict number of halves you can physically tear the paper into (write this down) • Step #3 : tear paper in to halves, counting as you tear (save these “halves” in a stack please) • Step #4 : How close did you get? Others? National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  17. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 2 • Size of Atoms 2 • Step #1 : Taking the smallest “half” of the 8.5” by 11” typing paper (assume mass = 12 grams of carbon) • Step #2 : Predict the number of carbon atoms in this smallest “half” you can physically tear the paper into (write this down) • Step #3 : How many atoms did you get? Others? National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  18. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 3 • Size of Atoms 3 • Step #1 : Taking your stack of full page to the smallest “half” of the 8.5” by 11” typing paper (assume mass = 12 grams of carbon) • Step #2 : Predict if each “halfing” is a single step, how many steps would you need such that at the last step (the last tear) you have a single carbon atom in each hand (write your prediction down) • Step #3 : How many steps did you predict? Others? National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  19. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 4 • Closest Packing of Atoms 2-D • Step #1 : Taking a coin or sphere (as models of atoms), experiment with “packing” identical objects around this single coin or sphere on a flat 2-dimensional surface. • Step #2 : Predict how many identical objects can be “packed” around this single object with the least open space. • Note: This is called the “Kissing Coin Problem”. National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  20. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 5 • Closest Packing of Atoms 3-D • Step #1 : Taking a sphere (as a model of an atom), experiment with “packing” identical spheres around this single sphere in 3-dimensional space (start on a table for stability). • Step #2 : Predict how many identical objects can be “packed” around this single object with the least space left open. National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  21. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 6 • Close Packing of Atoms in 3-D: Crystallography • Step #1 : Predict how many crystal structures can be modeled by different arrangements of identical spheres closely “packed”. • Step #2 : Explore and experiment with “packing” identical spheres in various arrangements in 3-dimensional space (start on a table for stability). National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  22. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Atom Activity 7 • Close Packing of Atoms 3-D: Animated via Interatomic Forces • Step #1 : Using four tennis balls (our model for atoms) create a stable 3-dimensional arrangement. • Step #2 : Experiment on this 3-D structure by applying soft external forces on one of the spheres (gently tilting a table works well also). • Step #3 : Notice the modeling of interatomic forces. National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  23. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas : Scale • Metric System Prefixes and scale • Unit = 1.0 = 100 • 1/(1,000) milli m = 10-3 • 1/(1,000,000) micro  = 10-6 • 1/(1,000,000,000) nano n = 10-9 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  24. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Scale Activity 1 • The “Nano” Scale 1 (nanospace) • Step #1 : Using a meter stick and the metric prefixes: • Kilo = 1,000 103 • Mega = 1,000,000 106 • Giga = 1,000,000,000 109 • Step #2 : Imagine scaling by powers of 10 up and down to better understand the notion of “Nano” (from nanos, Greek for dwarf) • Step #3 : Discuss ideas of nanospatial distances as: • “Nano”scale, • “Nano”science, and • “Nano”technology National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  25. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Scale Activity 2 • The “Nano” Scale 2 (nanotime) • Step #1 : The metric prefix “Nano” (from nanos, Greek for dwarf) • Step #2 : Discuss big distances, i.e., from the Earth to the Moon is 1.3 light seconds • How far is a Nanolight second? (write your prediction down) • Step #3 : Experiment with ideas of distance, speed, and time on the Nano scale National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  26. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Scale Activity 3 The “Nano” Scale 3 (nanospacetime) • Step #1 : The metric prefix “Nano” (from nanos, Greek for dwarf) • Step #2 : Utilize the nanolight second “string device” to determine distance spatially and temporally of one nanolight second • Step #3 : Experiment with how far ago a Nanolight second is (write down ideas) • Step #4 : Discuss ideas of computer speed / computational time and “wire length” at the Nano scales National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  27. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Scale Activity 4 The “Nano” Scale 4 (nanospacetime) • Step #1 : The metric prefix “Nano” (from nanos, Greek for dwarf) • Step #2 : Utilize the nanolight second “paper fold device” to determine distance spatially and temporally of one nanolight second • Step #3 : Experiment with how far ago a Nanolight second is (write down ideas) • Step #4 : Discuss ideas of computer speed / computational time and “wire length” at the Nano scales National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  28. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Scale Activity 5 The “Nano” Scale 5 (Shrink Print) • Step #1 : Inflate a standard balloon • Step #2 : Carefully use an ink pen to write a message and draw an image on the balloon’s surface • Step #3 : Note the size of the balloon or measure the circumference of the balloon • Step #4 : Deflate the balloon slowly and observe the size of the message and image on the balloon’s surface • Step #5 : Discuss the scaling of the size of the balloon and the scale of the message and image National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  29. The Future is Nano:Nano Ideas : Scale Activity 6 The “Nano” Scale 6 (Shrink Print 2) • Step #1 : Inflate a standard balloon slightly • Step #2 : Carefully use an ink pen to draw a one cm square on the balloon’s surface. Note the diameter. • Step #3 : Inflate the balloon to double the diameter. • Step #4 : Measure the square, find the area. • Step #5 : Inflate the balloon to triple the diameter. • Step #6 : Measure the balloon, find the area, etc… • Step #7 : Discuss how the area of the square changes as the diameter of the balloon changes. National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  30. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 0th • JD Bernal “Sage” (1901-1971) • “1929: The World, the Flesh & the Devil” • “So far we have been living on the discoveries of the early and mid-nineteenth century, a macro-mechanical age of power and metal…but the discoveries of the twentieth century, particularly the micro-mechanics of the Quantum Theory which touch on the nature of matter itself, are far more fundamental and must in time produce far more important results.” National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  31. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 0+ • JD Bernal “Sage” (1901-1971) • “1929: The World, the Flesh & the Devil” cont… • “The first step will be the development of materials and new processes in which physics, chemistry and mechanics will be inextricably fused. The stage should soon be reached when materials can be produced which are not merely modifications of what nature has given us in the way of stones, metals, woods and fibers, but are made to specifications of a molecular architecture” National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  32. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 1 • Richard P. Feynman (1918-1988) • “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” • An Invitation to Enter a New Field of Physics • Classic talk Richard Feynman gave on December 29th 1959 at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at the California Institute of Technology National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  33. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 2 • Feynman’s talk stimulates ideas with High School challenges: • 1st : “It is my intention to offer a prize of $1,000 to the first guy who can take the information on the page of a book and put it on an area 1/25,000 smaller in linear scale in such manner that it can be read by an electron microscope.” RPF 1959 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  34. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 3 • 2nd : “And I want to offer another prize---if I can figure out how to phrase it so that I don't get into a mess of arguments about definitions---of another $1,000 to the first guy who makes an operating electric motor---a rotating electric motor which can be controlled from the outside and, not counting the lead-in wires, is only 1/64 inch cube.” • “I do not expect that such prizes will have to wait very long for claimants.” RPF 1959 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  35. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 4 • “If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words?” • Feynman Lectures on Physics, June 1963, Vol. #1, 1-2 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  36. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas-First Ideas 5 • “…I believe it is the atomic hypothesis (or atomic fact…) that all things are made of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another” • Feynman Lectures on Physics, June 1963, Vol. #1, 1-2 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  37. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas : Scale National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  38. The Future is Nano:Nanoscale Science : The Promise 1 • EVERYTHING – much like Atomic Power in the 1950’s • Improvements in: • Medical everything (nanobots in humans) • Materials • Manufacturing • Energy problems • Food production • Science Fiction Themes abound (movies & books) National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  39. The Future is Nano:Nanoscale Science : The Promise 2 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  40. The Future is Nano:Nanoscale Science : The Fear 1 • EVERYTHING – much like Atomic Power in the 1950’s – everything will change • Runaway nanobots = Grey Goo National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  41. The Future is Nano:Nanoscale Science : The Fear 2 • Runaway science • New “toxic” materials and issues • Self replicating semi intelligent Materials • Manufacturing problems solved, but economy collapses • Energy problems solved, oil nations collapse • Food production, weapons, surveillance, … • Science Fiction Themes abound (movies & books) National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  42. The Future is Nano:Nanoscale Science : The Reality 1 • Improvements already in: • Nanoscale chips and processors with nanoscale features • Medical delivery of pharmaceuticals National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  43. The Future is Nano:Nanoscale Science : The Reality 2 • Improvements already in: • Material science, Buckyballs, Carbon Nanotubes, etc. • Biologists note that this is thus far a mimicry of living systems • Colored LEDs, Ferrofluid, etc. National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  44. The Future is Nano:The Visualization of the NanoScale National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  45. The Future is Nano:Nano Discussions • Small Talk For more info, visit: www.smartcenter.org/nano National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  46. The Future is Nano:The History of Nano Ideas #1 • Feynman’s reflection the importance of the atom from the first volume of the Feynman Lectures on Physics National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  47. The Future is Nano: National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

  48. The Future is Nano:Nano Discussions Subject: Tumbleweeds in the Bloodstream Date: Thu, 28 Oct 2004 16:12:03 -0500 NASA Science News for October 28, 2004 Tiny sensors, shaped like tumbleweed and small enough to fit inside a blood vessel, might one day ride to space insideastronauts' bodies, warning the space travelers when radiation is damaging their cells. This new technology, being developed by NASA-supported researchers, would improve health care on Earth, too. FULL STORY at  http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/28oct_nanosensors.htm?list920097 National Science Teachers Association Conference Westin Boston Waterfront, Boston, MA, March 27, 2008

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