Cells

1. Cells Structure and Function

2. Cell Vocabulary Make a flashcard or foldable for the following terms: • Cell • Cell theory • Cell membrane • Cell wall • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Organelle • Ribosome • Endoplasmic reticulum • Gogi apparatus • Lysosome • Vacuole • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Lipid bilayer • Selective permeability • Diffusion • Active transport

3. Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells.

4. Cell Shape and Size • Press your pen to your paper to create dot. • How many cells do you think would fit within that dot???? 1600

5. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic • These 2 types of cells differ in complexity and general structure

6. Prokaryotic Cells • Lack internal membrane-bound structures • Unicellular organisms • About 1/10th the size of a Eukaryotic cell. • Example: bacteria

7. Prokaryotic Cell

8. Eukaryotic Cell • Multicellular organisms • Membrane bound organelles • Mostly animal cells • Present in all living things, except bacteria

9. Eukaryotic Cell

11. Plant and Animal Cells • Look at p. 176 in your textbook. • Take a moment to look at the cells. • What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not??

12. Basic Parts of a Cell • Despite cell diversity, ALL cells have 3 basic parts: • Cell Membrane and/or Cell Wall • Cytoplasm • Nucleus

13. Cell Wall • Cell Wall provides support and protection for the cell. • Found in plants and many prokaryotes • Very outside edge of the cell

14. Cytoplasm • The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane • Includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all organelles (except nucleus).

15. Cytoplasm

16. Nucleus • Cells carry coded information in the form of DNA. • In some cells DNA floats freely inside the cell • In other cells the DNA is found in a membrane-bound organelle: the NUCLEUS • Most functions of a cell are controlled by the nucleus. • The NUCLEOLUS is a small structure within the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled.

17. Control Center

18. Basic Parts Video Clip

19. Nucleus Video Clip

20. INTERACTIVE • Draw a cell and label all 3 basic parts • You do NOT need to include all the organelles

21. Cell Organelles • Plasma Membrane • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Endoplasmic Reticulum • Golgi Apparatus • Cytoskeleton

22. The Cell Song! • Available on Youtube and Itunes

23. Ribosomes(not an organelle - but important) • Present in the cytoplasm. • Present with Rough ER. • No membrane present. • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins

25. Ribosome Video Clip

26. Endoplasmic Reticulum • System of tubes and sacs • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

27. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transports materials throughout the cell. • Digests lipids. • Produces proteins.

28. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Covered with ribosomes. • Produces proteins. • Transports materials throughout the cell.

30. Video Clip Endoplasmic Reticulum

31. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

33. Golgi Apparatus Video Clip

34. Central Vacuole(Plant Cell Only) • Most plant cells have one large one. • Filled w/ fluid. • Helps maintains turgor pressure and shape of cell.

35. Chloroplast(Plant Cell Only) • Contains chlorophyll. • Makes plants green. • Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars. • Photosynthesis takes place here.

36. Mitochondria Video Clips

37. Mitochondria, aka “Mighty-Chondria” • This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATPby breaking down glucose to Carbon dioxide. • (ATP = energy) • Involved in cellular respiration • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Mitochondria even have their own DNA!

39. Let’s hear that Cell Song Again…

40. A quick review of cell organelles • 3 Facts from the Brainpop on Cell Structures

41. INTERACTIVE Cell City

42. Cell Coloring! • Quiz on Eukaryotic cell at next meeting!!

43. Plant vs Animal Cells!

44. Movement through the Membrane • Cell’s outer boundary • Covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell • All materials enter and exit through the plasma membrane • Membrane is SEMIPERMEABLE: allows only certain materials in and out.

45. Plasma Membrane

46. Movement through a membrane video Clip

47. Cell Homeostasis • Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells. • There are two main ways of transporting materials into and out of a cell: Passive Transport and Active Transport

48. Passive Transport • Passive transport occurs when substances cross the cell membrane without any energy by the cell • Transport with NO Energy—riding a bike downhill • Diffusion and Osmosis are the primary methods of Passive Transport

49. Diffusion • Simplest form of passive transport • Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration • The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance is called a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT • Molecules will move from one area to another until it reaches EQUILIBRIUM, or a balance.

50. Sugar Cube Diffusion