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Computer Networking

Computer Networking. Section Objectives: Understand the basics of computer networking Understand the difference between LANs, MANs, WANs Describe the basic components needed for computer networking Understand how the internet is organized

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Computer Networking

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  1. Computer Networking

  2. Section Objectives: • Understand the basics of computer networking • Understand the difference between LANs, MANs, WANs • Describe the basic components needed for computer networking • Understand how the internet is organized • Understand the fundamentals of Data and Signal and the OSI Model

  3. What is computer Networking? The term computer networking means different things to different people… Some statements about today’s computer network include: • No two companies networking needs are exactly the same • No two computer networks are exactly the same

  4. Basic network types Computers networks usually fall into one of the following categories:

  5. Basic Network Components When evaluating the operation of a computer network , three main components must be examined. The three general components of networks include: • The end stations • The applications being run on the end station • The network which will support the traffic between end-stations

  6. The bandwidth Dilemma Computers network have a finite bandwidth or capacity that can be carried by the network. Just a water pipe has a finite amount of water that can pass through the pipe, a network has a finite amount of data which can traverse the various LANs, MANs and WANs in today’s networks. Some factors which cause this bandwidth shortage include: • LANs which use a shared media access control protocol such as Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI • Increase in user population • Increase in application requirements • Increase in end-station processing power

  7. Networking End-Stations There are a great variety of end-stations in today’s network. The basic components which need to be examined include: • Platform, such as DOS, Windows, MAC, SUN…. • Processor power • RAM • Hard disk • Peripherals such as scanners, CD-ROM and WORM drives

  8. Networking Applications The application or users of today's computer networks vary greatly from company to company. The network design must be accomplished with the applications in mind. A general categorization of networking applications include: • Standard office applications • High-end office applications • Manufacturing automation • Mainframe connectivity • Multimedia applications

  9. The Internet The internet has the following characteristics: • Uses TCP/IP as a common communication protocol • Developed out of US government ARPANET • Supports access around the world • Public and private users now connect to the Internet

  10. Some of the applications run on the Internet include: • World Wide Web (WWW) Server application which allows access to different types of data including text, video and audio. A browser (such as Netscape Navigator) is a client which access the servers • File transfer Protocol (FTP) application which allows files to be transferred from one computer to another • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Electronic mail application which allows users to send messages to one another

  11. Accessing the Internet The internet is a computer network which connects many networks together. These networks are organized in a structured or tiered format. The tiers in the Internet hierarchy include: • National Access Point (NAP) Regional interchange facility which connects networks in the area • National Service Providers (NSP) Connect National Access Points together • Internet Service Providers (ISP) Provides Internet access to commercial and private users in local, state and national agreements

  12. Fundamentals of Data and Signal and OSI Model Overview

  13. Data and Signal Information that is stored within computer system and transferred over a computer network can be divided into two categories:Data and Signal. Data – are entities that convey meaning within a computer or computer system. Examples of Data: • a computer file of names and address stored on a HDD. Signal – are the electric or electromagnetic encoding of data and are used to transmit data. Examples of Signal: • A telephone conversation transmitted over a telephone line.

  14. Four combination of Data and Signal • Digital Data transmitted using Digital Signal • Digital Data transmitted using Analog Signal • Analog Data transmitted using Analog Signal • Analog Data transmitted using Digital Signal

  15. Spread Spectrum Technology Input Data channel Transmitter ..0110010110.. Encoder Analog Signal Pseudorandom transmitted Number Seq. Scrambled Signal Output Data channel ..0110010110.. Decoder Analog Signal Friendly Receiver

  16. Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model The OSI model is a 7-layer international standard developed under the auspices of the international Organization for Standardization (ISO). 7 layer of OSI model • Application • Presentation • Session • Transport • Network • Data link • Physical

  17. Local Area Network (LAN)

  18. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

  19. Wide Area Network (WAN)

  20. End Station

  21. THE END

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